Risk level

Safety and security

Crime

Crime is a serious problem throughout the country.

Violent crime

Violent crime occurs. It includes homicide, assault, rape and armed robbery. Violence most frequently occurs in the largest cities where people and business are concentrated, notably:

• the Greater San Salvador Area
• San Miguel
• Santa Ana

However, smaller cities, towns and rural areas also experience incidents of violent crime.

Armed robberies occur with weapons such as guns and knives, especially on public transportation. They may also occur in tourist areas, especially isolated scenic spots.

• Remain vigilant and exercise caution at all times
• Check in advance with local contacts, authorities or hotels to see if your chosen destination is safe and which is the best route to get there
• Travel in groups if possible
• Avoid walking after dark
• Stay at hotels that have robust security measures
• Keep in mind that even the most secure locations are not completely free of risk

If you’re threatened by armed criminals:

• don’t resist, as gang members in particular can be quick to engage in violence
• avoid eye contact with the perpetrators

Petty crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, is common.

Thieves also break into cars parked in public places.

• Avoid displaying signs of affluence in public, including when landing at El Salvador’s international airport
• Ensure that your belongings, including your passport and other travel documents, are secure at all times
• Avoid carrying large amounts of cash
• Be particularly discreet when using ATMs
• Choose supervised parking lots if available
• Keep car doors locked and windows closed at all times
• Don’t leave any valuables in your car

If you’re robbed, go to a police station and report the crime immediately.

Most Salvadorans don’t speak English or French. You should not expect assistance in your preferred language.

Greater San Salvador Area

In the city of San Salvador, neighbourhoods such as Escalón, La Cima, San Benito and San Francisco are relatively safe.

To attract more tourists, local authorities have made efforts to secure a few blocks in the downtown area, known as the Centro Histórico de San Salvador. The Centro Histórico includes:

• the Metropolitan Cathedral
• the National Palace
• the National Theatre
• Plaza Barrios
• Plaza Libertad
• Plaza Morazán

Outside that area, the entire downtown is unsafe for tourists.

Dangerous areas in San Salvador can be as small as two or three blocks in a broader generally safe neighbourhood. They are often known as “zonas marginales” or “comunidades.”

Avoid crossing an area that is a known criminal stronghold, even if you are only trying reach a safer neighbourhood.

Neighbouring cities to the west of the capital are generally safe. These include:

• Antiguo Cuscatlán, including Santa Elena
• Nuevo Cuscatlán
• Santa Tecla, including Ciudad Merliot

Crime occurs more frequently in cities to the north and east, such as:

• Apopa
• Ciudad Delgado
• Ilopango
• Mejicanos
• San Martín
• Soyapango

Border crossings

Border areas often see higher criminal activity and violence, including in rural areas.

El Salvador lies along well-established Central American trafficking routes. Criminal groups smuggling people, guns or drugs can be violent. There have been incidents of travellers being attacked near border crossings.

Some border crossings occasionally close without warning.

If you plan to cross land borders in El Salvador:

• do so early enough so you arrive at destination before dark
• use official border crossings only
• avoid exchanging currency
• avoid displaying money or valuable items such as jewellery and electronic equipment

Organized crime

Gang culture has spread throughout much of El Salvador but in March 2022, the government began major efforts to contain this threat and arrest thousands of gang members. The most common crimes carried out by gangs (known locally as maras or pandillas) include:

• extortion
• mugging
• assaults, especially on highways
• home invasion
• car theft

Gangs often threaten individuals and businesses and may use deadly force if the extortion money is not paid. Attacks have occurred:

• in open-air markets
• restaurants
• police stations
• public buses
• clinics

The attacks are unpredictable.

The government’s countermeasures have focused on urban areas, including those visited by tourists such as the metropolitan area of San Salvador. While gang violence rarely targets foreigners, violent assault against tourists may occur. There are urban neighbourhoods and rural areas with one or few entrances where local gang members monitor non-residents to rob them.

You may also be in the wrong place at the wrong time.

Express kidnappings

Express kidnappings occur, particularly in high-crime areas.

In this scenario, criminals kidnap the victim and force the person to withdraw funds from an ATM.

Victims are generally selected on the basis of perceived wealth, including driving late-model cars. They are identified at places such as:

• shopping centres
• gas stations
• restaurants
• nightclubs
• banks
• parking lots

Fraud

Credit card, ATM and Bitcoin e-wallet fraud occurs. There have been reports of identity theft and failed transactions, especially involving Chivo, the Salvadoran government’s official Bitcoin e-wallet.

When using debit or credit cards or Bitcoin e-wallets: 

• pay careful attention if others are handling your cards
• use ATMs located public areas or inside a bank or business
• avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
• cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
• check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements

More about overseas fraud

Women’s safety

Women travelling alone may be subject to some forms of harassment and verbal abuse.

Incidents of sexual assault occur, including on public buses and at beach areas.

• Avoid travelling alone, with informal guides or with strangers, even if they appear friendly and helpful
• Avoid public buses and large crowds on the street
• Exercise caution at nightclubs and beaches

If you are a victim of sexual assault, report it to the police and contact the Embassy of Canada in San Salvador.

Useful links

• Sexual assault abroad
• Safe travel guide for women

Spiked food and drinks

Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum or cigarettes from new acquaintances. These items may contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and robbery.

Hiking

Criminals have targeted tourists climbing volcanoes and hiking in remote locations.

Access to volcanoes may also be restricted due to volcanic activity or high winds, especially:

• Izalco volcano
• Santa Ana, also known as Ilamatepec, volcano
• San Miguel, also known as Chaparrastique, volcano

If you intend to go hiking:

• never do so alone and always hire an experienced guide from a reputable company
• buy travel insurance that includes helicopter rescue and medical evacuation
• ensure that your physical condition is good enough to meet the challenges of your activity
• ensure that you're properly equipped
• ensure that you’re well informed about weather and other conditions that may pose a hazard
• inform a family member or friend of your itinerary, including when you expect to be back
• know the symptoms of acute altitude sickness, which can be fatal
• obtain detailed information on routes before setting out and do not venture off marked trails

Water activities

Coastal waters can be dangerous, even for experienced swimmers. Riptides are common. Several drownings occur each year.

Lifeguards don’t usually supervise beaches. Rescue services may not be consistent with international standards.

If you plan on swimming or surfing:

• consult residents and tour operators for information on possible hazards and safe areas
• follow the instructions and warnings of local authorities
• avoid isolated beaches
• monitor weather reports, especially during the rainy season, as prolonged periods of rain can cause the height of waves to increase along beaches

If you plan on participating in boating activities, such as whale-watching:

• choose a well-established and reputable company that has insurance
• make sure the vessel you are boarding is carrying appropriate safety equipment and that life jackets are provided for all passengers and accessible at all times
• don’t board vessels that appear overloaded or unseaworthy

If in doubt concerning the safety of the facilities or equipment, don’t use them.

Water safety abroad

Demonstrations

Demonstrations and protest marches take place regularly, especially on main roads in San Salvador near:

• the National Assembly
• the Presidential House
• San Salvador City Hall
• the Judicial District
• Cuscatlán Park
• Plaza Salvador del Mundo

Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

More about mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Road travel

Road conditions and road safety vary greatly throughout the country. Serious accidents are common.

Road conditions

Many rural roads are unpaved and some rural areas are accessible only by four-wheel-drive vehicle.

Roundabouts are common.

Driving can be dangerous due to:

• dangerous curves in roads
• poorly marked road signs
• poor lighting at night
• potholes and missing manhole covers
• construction sites
• roaming livestock
• pedestrians on the shoulder of highways
• slow-moving, overloaded or poorly maintained vehicles

Road safety

Drivers don’t respect traffic laws. They often drive at excessive speeds. They are aggressive and reckless, and frequently overtake on both the right and the left.

Bus drivers and motorcyclists in particular can be aggressive or unpredictable.

Narrow lanes and heavy traffic offer little courtesy for cyclists. Most Salvadoran cyclists travel with a trailing car for safety.

Checkpoints

Police traffic checkpoints are common across the country. Officers will often ask to see your valid documents and your mandatory safety equipment. They may also be checking for impaired drivers or for gang members.

If you drive in El Salvador:

• always drive defensively
• plan your trip ahead of time, especially if you plan to visit a rural area
• use caution when entering a roundabout
• avoid road travel at night between cities
• avoid stopping at isolated viewpoints
• keep your car doors locked and the windows closed at all times
• avoid hitchhiking, which is not a common practice in El Salvador

Public transportation

Buses

Buses are often unreliable. They are poorly maintained and the site of petty theft, armed robbery and sexual harassment.

• Don’t use local or intercity public buses
• Use only reputable tour operators and international coach services use only a company with a strong reputation

Taxis and ridesharing services

Taxis are widely available but vary in quality. Major hotels work with executive transport companies.

If using a taxi in El Salvador:

• don’t board taxis at taxi stands
• don’t hail taxis in the street
• negotiate fares in advance

Ridesharing services are available in much of greater San Salvador. If you use a trusted ridesharing app, confirm the driver’s identity and the licence plate before getting in the car.

Air travel

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

General information about foreign domestic airlines

Entry and exit requirements

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the Salvadoran authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the Foreign Representatives in Canada.

Passport

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months beyond the date you expect to leave El Salvador.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Useful links

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Visas

Tourist visa: not required for stays up to 90 days
Business visa: not required for stays up to 90 days
Student visa: not required for stays up to 90 days

Entry immigration card

To enter El Salvador, you must purchase an entry immigration card, which is valid for up to 90 days. Local officials determine the validity period of the card.

The entry immigration card is not a visa, but it’s a mandatory requirement when you enter through El Salvador’s international airport.

You don’t need an entry immigration card if you either:

• hold a Canadian passport showing you were born in El Salvador, or
• show proof that one of your parents is a Salvadoran national

Keep the receipt of your entry immigration card with your passport. It will allow you to re-enter El Salvador, as long as it is still valid.

You may request an extension of up to 90 days once a year for your entry immigration card. To extend your stay in El Salvador beyond 90 days, you must apply to the immigration authorities at least 5 days before the expiration date of your stay.

Entry/exit stamps

You must obtain entry and exit stamps at border crossings.

Central America-4 Border Control Agreement

Under the terms of the Central America-4 Border Control Agreement (CA-4), your Salvadoran entry immigration card will allow you to travel for up to a total of 90 days within any of the CA-4 countries, which are:

• El Salvador
• Guatemala
• Honduras
• Nicaragua

When travelling between these countries, you still must check in at immigration counters but don’t need to obtain additional permits. Other countries’ authorities will stamp your passport to record your entry/exit dates and to ensure that you have not overstayed the initial time authorized for your visit in the CA-4 region. The 90-day period begins at your first point of entry to any of the CA-4 countries. You will be fined if you exceed the 90-day limit.

You may request an extension of up to 90 days once a year. If you are in El Salvador, you must request this extension and pay the required fee at El Salvador’s immigration headquarters in San Salvador at least 5 days before your first 90-day limit expires. Immigration authorities will determine the length of the extension.

If you have received a new Canadian passport while inside El Salvador – for example, your previous passport was lost – and you want to continue travelliing by land in the CA-4 region, you need a new Salvadoran entry stamp in your new passport before entering one of the other countries. You must present your new passport at El Salvador’s immigration headquarters to arrange this.

Work or study

If you intend to work or study in El Salvador for longer than 90 days, you must apply for residence from inside the country. The documentation required to obtain Salvadoran residence is extensive.

Make sure you have all the required documents before you leave Canada.

Other entry requirements

Customs officials may ask you to show them a return or onward ticket and proof of sufficient funds to cover the cost of your stay.

Children and travel

A Canadian minor, under 18 years of age, living in or visiting El Salvador for more than one year is considered a resident of El Salvador.

To depart El Salvador, a minor resident needs written consent from any parent listed on the child’s birth certificate who is not travelling with the minor. The consent form must be:

• an original document (not a photocopy or a scan)
• notarized by either a Salvadoran notary in El Salvador or a Salvadoran consul abroad.

Learn about travel with children.

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Health

Routine Vaccines

Be sure that your routine vaccines, as per your province or territory, are up-to-date regardless of your travel destination.

Some of these vaccines include: measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines are right for you.

Food and Water-borne Diseases

Travellers to any destination in the world can develop travellers' diarrhea from consuming contaminated water or food.

In some areas in Central America and Mexico, food and water can also carry diseases like cholera, hepatitis A and typhoid. Practise safe food and water precautions while travelling in Central America and Mexico. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!

Insects and Illness

In some areas in Central America and Mexico, certain insects carry and spread diseases like American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), chikungunya, dengue fever, leishmaniasis, malaria, onchocerciasis (river blindness), West Nile virus, and Zika virus.

Travellers are advised to take precautions against bites.

Animals and Illness

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats. Some infections found in Central America and Mexico, like rabies, can be shared between humans and animals.

Person-to-Person Infections

Crowded conditions can increase your risk of certain illnesses. Remember to wash your hands often and practice proper cough and sneeze etiquette to avoid colds, the flu and other illnesses.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV are spread through blood and bodily fluids; practise safer sex.

Medical services and facilities

Good health care is limited in availability.

There have been some improvements in recent years, but public medical services and facilities remain below Canadian standards. State-funded public hospitals are located in large cities, mostly in San Salvador. Public clinics are located throughout the country, but their resources, hours of operation and services are limited. Public hospital services are free for foreigners.

Private clinics and hospitals are often better staffed and equipped. In the Colonia Escalón district of San Salvador, the two following hospitals offer good emergency and advanced care services:

• Hospital de Diagnóstico
• Hospital Centro Médico Escalón, formerly called Hospital de la Mujer

Private hospitals in San Salvador and other major cities, such as Santa Ana and San Miguel, may accept credit cards. However, you may have to provide upfront payment in cash to obtain private medical services elsewhere. They may also request a deposit if you require hospitalization. In rural areas, staff may ask you purchase all consumables prior to receiving care.

Most health-care providers speak only Spanish.

Medical evacuation can be very expensive and you may need it in case of serious illness or injury.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Travel health and safety

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a travel health kit, especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

Laws and culture

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad.

Detention conditions may be below the standards of Canadian prisons.

Drugs

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect prison sentences.

Useful links

• Alcohol, drugs and travel
• Cannabis and international travel

Political activities

El Salvador’s constitution prohibits political activities by foreigners.

You may be detained or deported if you participate in demonstrations or other political activities.

Identification

You may be subject to identity checks during your stay in El Salvador.

Always carry valid identification such as a driver's licence or passport.

Keep photocopies or digital copies of the following, in case of loss or seizure of the original:

• the identification page of your passport
• your birth certificate
• your Canadian citizenship card
• your driver’s licence

Keep originals and copies in separate safe locations.

Photography

It’s illegal to photograph:

• military installations and equipment
• schools when minors are present

Ask permission before photographing individuals, especially in areas with Indigenous presence.

Imports and exports

Salvadoran authorities require permits for the import or export of firearms, plants or animals. If you purchase an antique in El Salvador, keep your receipt in case you are asked to prove ownership at the border.

Investments

If you plan on buying property or making other investments in El Salvador, seek legal advice in Canada and in El Salvador before making any commitments. Disputes related to properties could take time and be costly to resolve.

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in El Salvador.

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of El Salvador, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements.

General information for travellers with dual citizenship

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. The convention applies between Canada and El Salvador.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in El Salvador, and if the applicable conditions are met, you may apply for the return of your child to the Salvadoran court.

If you are in this situation:

• act as quickly as you can
• contact the Central Authority for your province or territory of residence for information on starting an application under The Hague Convention
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in El Salvador to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children’s Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country’s judicial affairs.

Useful links

• List of Canadian Central Authorities for the Hague Convention
• International Child Abduction: A Guidebook for Left-Behind Parents
• Travelling with children
• The Hague Convention - Hague Conference on Private International Law
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Emergency Watch and Response Centre

LGBTQ2 travellers

Salvadoran law does not prohibit sexual acts between individuals of the same sex.

However, LGBTQ2 travellers could face discrimination based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Driving

You can drive with your valid Canadian driver’s licence for the period you are allowed to stay in the country.

In the event of a car accident, as required by Salvadoran law:

• remain at the scene
• call the police
• don’t move your vehicle until the authorities arrive

Some accidents may attract a crowd that could turn hostile. If you feel unsafe:

• ensure your windows and doors are locked
• leave the area
• report the accident to the police and your insurance company as soon as possible

If you plan to travel between countries, you must carry an international driving permit.

More about the International Driving Permit

Money

There are two official currencies in El Salvador:

• the U.S. dollar (USD)
• Bitcoin (BTC)

Bitcoin became legal tender in September 2021, though not all businesses have fully transitioned to accepting it. Traditional and Bitcoin ATMs are widely available.

Canadian credit and debit cards are generally accepted. However, Canadian dollars cannot be exchanged in El Salvador.

When exchanging money before your trip, ask for small denominations. Bills of $50 and $100 are not widely accepted and increase the risk of robbery.

Natural disasters and climate

Seismic activity

Earthquakes and tsunamis

El Salvador is located in a highly active seismic zone. Tremors occur regularly and major earthquakes occur from time to time.

Tsunami warnings may be issued after a strong earthquake. A tsunami can occur within minutes of a nearby earthquake. However, the risk of tsunami can remain for several hours following the first tremor. If you’re staying on the coast, familiarize yourself with the region’s evacuation plans in the event of a tsunami warning.

In the event of an earthquake:

• monitor local media to stay informed of the evolving situation
• follow the instructions of local authorities

Volcanoes

Volcanoes pose a significant risk to the population in El Salvador.

Although there has been a decrease in volcanic activity in recent years, several volcanoes remain active. Authorities issue warnings about volcanic activity when appropriate, especially at the San Miguel/Chaparrastique volcano.

If you intend on visiting a volcano area:

• hire an experienced guide from a reputable company
• monitor levels of volcanic activity through the local media
• pay close attention to all warnings and avoid restricted areas
• be prepared to modify your travel arrangements or even evacuate the area on short notice
• follow the advice of local authorities

Useful links

• Earthquakes - What to Do?
• Latest earthquakes - U.S. Geological Survey
• Tsunami alerts - U.S. Tsunami Warning System
• @MARN_SV - Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (in Spanish)
• @PROCIVILSV - Civil Protection (in Spanish)
• Seismic and volcanic activity alerts - Salvadoran Observatory of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (in Spanish)

Rainy season

The rainy season extends from May to November. Seasonal flooding can hamper overland travel and reduce the provision of essential services. Roads may become impassable and bridges may be damaged.

Hurricane season

Hurricanes usually occur from mid-May to the end of November. During this period, even small tropical storms can quickly develop into major hurricanes.

These severe storms can put you at risk and hamper the provision of essential services.

If you decide to travel to El Salvador during the hurricane season:

• know that you expose yourself to serious safety risks
• be prepared to change your travel plans on short notice, including cutting short or cancelling your trip
• stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts
• carry emergency contact information for your airline or tour operator
• follow the advice and instructions of local authorities

Useful links

• Hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones and monsoons
• Large-scale emergencies abroad
• Active storm tracking and hurricane watches and warnings - United States’ National Hurricane Center