This Directive is deemed to be part of collective
agreements between the parties to the National Joint Council
(NJC). Employees are to be afforded ready access to this
directive.
In cases of alleged misinterpretation or
misapplication arising out of this directive, the grievance
procedure, for all represented employees within the meaning of
the Public Service Staff Relations Act, will be in
accordance with Section 7.0 of the National Joint Council
By-Laws. For unrepresented employees, the departmental or
agency grievance procedure applies.
This directive was effective on November 1,
1993.
This directive incorporates the minimum
requirements of the Canada Labour Code, Part II, and
applicable regulations issued pursuant to that legislation, and
applies to all departments and other portions of the Public
Service, as defined in Part 1 of Schedule 1 of the Public
Service Staff Relations Act.
In this directive:
class of confined spaces means a group of
at least two confined spaces that are likely, by reason of their
similarity, to present the same hazards to persons entering,
exiting or occupying them. (catégorie d'espaces clos)
confined space means an enclosed or
partially enclosed space that
(a) is not designed or intended for human
occupancy except for the purpose of performing work,
(b) has restricted means of access and egress,
and
(c) may become hazardous to an employee entering
it due to
(i) its design, construction, location or
atmosphere,
(ii) the materials or substances in it, or
(iii) any other conditions relating to it,
and
includes but is not limited to: a tank, silo,
storage bin, process vessel or other enclosure not designed or
intended for human occupancy, in respect of which special
precautions are necessary when an employee is required to enter
therein to protect the employee from a dangerous atmosphere,
prevent the employee from becoming entrapped in stored material,
or otherwise ensure the employee's safety. (espace
clos)
confined space ship repair, where the
confined space relates to ships or vessels in repair, maintenance
or refit, confined space means a storage tank, ballast tank, pump
room, coffer dam or other enclosure, other than a hold, not
designed or intended for human occupancy, except for the purpose
of performing work,
(a) that has poor ventilation,
(b) where there may be an oxygen deficient
atmosphere, or
(c) in which there may be an airborne dangerous
substance. (espace clos dans un navire en réparation)
hot work means any work where flame is
used or a source of ignition may be produced. (travail à
chaud)
qualified person means a person who,
because of knowledge, training and experience, is qualified to
perform safely and properly the duties specified under the
directive in the following areas:
- hazard assessment
- entry procedures
- emergency procedures
- emergency requirement and equipment
- maintenance
- entry permits
- hot work
performance of these duties may be assigned to
different qualified persons. (personne qualifiée)
ventilation equipment where the confined
space relates to ships or vessels in repair, maintenance or refit
means a fan, blower, induced draft or other ventilation device
used to force a supply of fresh, respirable atmospheric air into
an enclosed space or to remove ambient air from such space.
(équipement d'aération)
7.1 Hazard assessment
7.1.1 Where a hazard assessment required by this
section identifies existing or potential hazards, each confined
space or class of confined spaces shall be identified as "permit
entry only" and no employee shall enter the confined space unless
the appropriate entry permit has been issued and signed by the
qualified person and, prior to entry, explained to, understood by
and signed by the employee
7.1.2 Where it is likely that a person will, in
order to perform work for an employer, enter a confined space and
an assessment pursuant to this subsection has not been carried
out in respect of the confined space, or in respect of the class
of confined spaces to which it belongs, the employer shall
appoint a qualified person.
(a) to carry out an assessment of the physical
and chemical hazards to which the person is likely to be exposed
in the confined space or the class of confined spaces; and
(b) to specify the tests that are necessary to
determine whether the person would be likely to be exposed to any
of the hazards identified.
7.1.3 The qualified person shall, in a signed and
dated report to the employer, record the findings of the
assessment carried
out.
7.1.4 The employer shall make a copy of any
report available to the safety and health committee or the safety
and health representative, if either exists.
7.1.5 The report shall be reviewed by a qualified
person at least once every three years to ensure that its
assessment of the hazards with which it is concerned is still
accurate.
7.1.6 If a confined space has not been entered in
the three years preceding the time when the report should have
been reviewed and no entry is scheduled, the report need not be
reviewed until it becomes likely that a person will, in order to
perform work for an employer, enter the confined space.
7.2 Entry procedures
7.2.1 For the purposes of this section, any
procedures developed by a department shall include an entry
permit system which shall include a check list of entry
requirements to be given to and signed by the employee or
employees. Employees have the right to a full explanation of the
implications of entry into the confined space prior to signing
the entry permit.
7.2.2 Departments shall ensure that the
procedures developed in consultation with the safety and health
committee include the procedures to be followed by the qualified
persons responsible for the inspection, maintenance and testing
of all monitoring equipment, personal protective equipment,
ventilating equipment, safety harnesses and any other entry,
protective and rescue equipment used in conjunction with entry
into a confined space.
7.2.3 Following consideration of the report made
pursuant to 7.1.3, every employer shall, in consultation with the
safety and health committee or the safety and health
representative, if either exists, establish procedures that are
to be followed by a person entering, exiting or occupying a
confined space assessed pursuant to section 7.1, or a confined
space that belongs to a class of confined spaces assessed
pursuant to the section.
7.2.4 The procedures shall specify the date on
which they are established.
7.2.5 The procedures shall establish an entry
permit system that provides for
(a) specifying, in each case, the length of time
for which an entry permit is valid, and
(b) recording the name of the person entering the
confined space, and the time of entry and the anticipated time of
exit.
7.2.6 The employer shall specify the protection
equipment referred to in the Personal Protective Equipment
directive that is to be used by every person who is granted
access to the confined space by the employer.
7.2.7 The employer shall specify any insulated
protection equipment and tools referred to in the Tools and
Machinery directive that a person may need in the confined
space.
7.2.8 The employer shall specify the protection
equipment and emergency equipment to be used by a person who
takes part in the rescue of a person from the confined space or
in responding to other emergency situations in the confined
space.
7.3 Confined space entry
7.3.1 The employer shall, where a person is about
to enter a confined space pursuant to an entry permit system,
appoint a qualified person, who could be the same person, to
verify by means of tests, that compliance with the following
specifications can be achieved during the period of time that the
person will be in the confined space, namely,
(a) the concentration of any chemical agent, or
combination of chemical agents, in the confined space to which
the person is likely to be exposed will not result in the
exposure of the person
(i) to a concentration of an airborne chemical
agent or combination of chemical agents in excess of the value
for that chemical agent adopted by the American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists in its publication entitled
"Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for
1991-92", as amended from time to time, or
(ii) to a concentration of an airborne chemical
agent or combination of chemical agents that is more than 50 per
cent of the lower explosive limit of the chemical agent or
combination of chemical agents, or
(iii) where a source of ignition may ignite the
concentration of an airborne agent or combination of chemical
agents, to a concentration that is more than 10 per cent of the
lower explosive limit of the chemical agent or combination of
chemical agents.
(b) the concentration of airborne hazardous
substances, other than chemical agents, in the confined space is
not hazardous to the safety or health of the person, and
(c) the percentage of oxygen in the air in the
confined space is not less than 19.5 per cent by volume and not
more than 23 per cent by volume, at normal atmospheric
pressure.
7.3.2 The person appointed pursuant to this
section shall also verify that
(a) any liquid in which the person could drown
has been removed from the confined space,
(b) any free-flowing solid in which the person
may become entrapped has been removed from the confined
space,
(c) the entry of any liquid, free-flowing solid
or hazardous substance into the confined space has been prevented
by a secure means of disconnection or the fitting of blank
flanges,
(d) all electrical and mechanical equipment that
may present a hazard to the person has been disconnected from its
power source, real or residual, and has been locked out, and
(e) the opening for entry into and exit from the
confined space is sufficient to allow the safe passage of a
person using protection equipment.
7.3.3 The qualified person shall, subject to
7.4.1, verify that the specifications set out in this section are
complied with at all times that a person is in the confined
space.
7.3.4 The qualified person shall, in a signed and
dated report to the employer, set out the results of the
verification carried out, including the test methods, the test
results and a list of the test equipment used.
7.3.5 Where the report indicates that a person
who has entered the confined space has been in danger, the
employer shall send the report to the safety and health committee
or the safety and health representative, if either exists.
7.3.6 In all other cases, the employer shall make
a written copy or a machine-readable version of the report
available to the safety and health committee or the safety and
health representative, if either exists.
7.4 Repair of ships and vessels
7.4.1 For confined spaces related to ships or
vessels in repair, maintenance or refit, the employer may meet
the requirements of paragraph 7.3.1(a) by forced ventilation from
the lowest point in the confined space as long as the
requirements of paragraph 7.3.1(b) have been met. When conditions
in the confined space are maintainable in this state, the
employer may establish an entry permit system in accordance with
section 7.2 which will be valid for multiple entries into the
confined space during the period for which the entry permit is
valid. The length of time for permit validity shall be to a
maximum of a shift for uncoated fuel tanks and to a maximum of 24
hours in all other situations.
7.5 Emergency procedures and equipment
7.5.1 Where conditions in a confined space or the
nature of the work to be performed in a confined space is such
that 7.3.3 cannot be complied with, the employer shall in
consultation with the safety and health committee or the safety
and health representative, if either exists, establish emergency
procedures to be followed in the event of an accident or other
emergency in or near the confined space.
7.5.2 The procedures shall specify the date on
which they are established and provide for the immediate
evacuation of the confined space when an alarm is activated, or
there is any significant change in a concentration or percentage
referred to in 7.3.1 that would adversely affect the safety or
health of a person in the confined space.
7.5.3 The employer shall provide the protection
equipment referred to in 7.2.7, 7.2.8 and 7.2.9 for each person
who is about to enter the confined space.
7.5.4 The employer shall ensure that a qualified
person trained in the entry and emergency procedures established
pursuant to this directive is in attendance outside the confined
space, and in communication with the person inside the confined
space.
7.5.5 The employer shall provide the qualified
person with a suitable alarm device for summoning assistance, and
ensure that two or more persons are in the immediate vicinity of
the confined space to assist in the event of an accident or other
emergency.
7.5.6 One of the persons referred to above
shall
(a) be trained in emergency procedures;
(b) be the holder of a basic first aid
certificate; and
(c) be provided with the required protection
equipment and emergency equipment.
7.5.7 The employer shall ensure that every person
entering, exiting or occupying the confined space wears an
appropriate safety harness that is securely attached to a
lifeline.
7.5.8 The lifeline shall be attached to a secure
anchor outside the confined space and be controlled by the
qualified person.
7.5.9 The lifeline shall protect the person from
the hazard for which it is provided and shall not in itself
create a hazard.
7.5.10 The lifeline shall, where reasonably
practicable, be equipped with a mechanical lifting device.
7.6 Record of emergency procedures and
equipment
7.6.1 When a person enters a confined space under
circumstances such that 7.3.1 cannot be complied with, the
qualified person shall, in a signed and dated report to the
employer,
(a) specify the emergency procedures that are to
be followed and the protection equipment, insulated protection
equipment and tools and the emergency equipment that are to be
used; and
(b) specify any other procedures to be followed
and any other equipment that could be needed.
7.6.2 The report and any procedures specified
therein shall be explained by the qualified person to every
employee who is about to enter a confined space, and a copy of
the report shall be signed and dated by any employee to whom the
report and the procedures have been so explained, acknowledging
by signature the reading of the report and the explanation
thereof.
7.7 Provision and use of equipment
7.7.1 The employer shall provide each person who
is granted access to a confined space with the protection
equipment specified.
7.7.2 The employer shall provide each person who
is to undertake rescue operations with the protection equipment
and emergency equipment specified.
7.7.3 The employer shall ensure that every person
who enters, exits or occupies a confined space follows the
procedures established and uses the protection equipment
specified in this directive.
7.8 Precaution
7.8.1 No person shall close off a confined space
until a qualified person has verified that no person is inside
it.
7.9 Hot work
7.9.1 Unless a qualified person has determined
that the work can be performed safely, hot work shall not be
performed in a confined space that contains
(a) an explosive or flammable hazardous substance
in a concentration in excess of 10 per cent of its lower
explosive limit; or
(b) oxygen in a concentration in excess of 23 per
cent.
7.9.2 Where hot work is to be performed in a
confined space that contains hazardous concentrations of
flammable or explosive materials, a qualified person shall patrol
the area surrounding the confined space and maintain a
fire-protection watch in that area until all fire hazard has
passed.
7.9.3 Fire extinguishers specified as emergency
equipment shall be provided in the area.
7.9.4 Where an airborne hazardous substance may
be produced by hot work in a confined space, no person shall
enter or occupy the confined space unless
(a) section 7.10 is complied with; or
(b) the person uses a respiratory protective
device that meets the requirements of the Personal Protective
Equipment directive.
7.10 Ventilation equipment
7.10.1 Where ventilation equipment is used to
maintain the concentration of a chemical agent or combination of
chemical agents in a confined space at or below the concentration
referred to in paragraph 7.3.1(a), or to maintain the percentage
of oxygen in the air of a confined space within the limits
referred to in paragraph 7.3.1(c), the employer shall not grant
access to the confined space to any person unless the
requirements of this section are met.
7.10.2 The ventilation equipment shall be
equipped with an alarm that will, if the equipment fails, be
activated automatically and be audible or visible to every person
in the confined space, or be monitored by an employee who is in
constant attendance of the equipment and who is in communication
with the person or persons in the confined space.
7.10.3 If the ventilation equipment fails to
operate properly, the employee shall immediately inform the
person or persons in the confined space of the failure of the
equipment.
7.10.4 In the event of failure of the ventilation
equipment, sufficient time will be available for the person to
escape from the confined space before
(a) the concentration of the chemical agent or
combination of chemical agents in the confined space exceeds the
concentrations referred to in paragraph 7.3.1(a), or
(b) the percentage of oxygen in the air ceases to
remain within the limits referred to in paragraph 7.3.1(c).
7.11 Training
7.11.1 The employer shall provide every employee
who is likely to enter a confined space with instruction and
training in entry and emergency procedures.
7.11.2 The employer shall also provide every such
employee with instruction and training on all protection and
emergency equipment that may be used.
7.11.3 The employer shall ensure that no person
enters a confined space unless the person is instructed in entry
and emergency procedures.
7.11.4 The employer shall also ensure that every
such person is instructed in the use of protection and emergency
equipment that may be used.
7.11.5 Employees likely to enter a confined space
shall be provided with information on the hazard assessment
related to the confined space or class of confined spaces
required by section 7.1, the entry permit system required by
section 7.2 and the verification system required by section
7.3.
7.12 Record keeping
7.12.1 The employer shall, at the employer's
place of business nearest to the work place in which the confined
space is located, keep a written copy or a machine-readable
version of the reports specified in this section.
7.12.2 Any report made pursuant to 7.1.3 and the
procedures established pursuant to 7.2.4 and 7.5.1 for a period
of 10 years after the date on which the qualified person signed
the report or the procedures were established.
7.12.3 Any report made pursuant to 7.3.4 for a
period of 10 years after the date on which the qualified person
signed the report where the verification procedures undertaken
pursuant to 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 indicate that the specifications set
out in the above-noted subsections were not complied with.
7.12.4 Any report, in every other case, for a
period of two years after the date on which the qualified person
signed the report.
7.13 Resolving "qualified person" disputes
7.13.1 Where there is a dispute regarding the
term "qualified person" for purposes of an occupational safety
and health standard, the following procedure shall be
implemented:
(a) The employee shall raise the matter directly
with the person-in-charge.
(b) The person-in-charge shall review the
employee's qualifications and decide upon the employee's status
as a qualified person.
(c) If the employee is dissatisfied with the
decision, the matter shall be referred to the safety and health
committee established for the employee's workplace.
(d) The safety and health committee shall review
the matter and make appropriate recommendations to the
person-in-charge.
(e) If the safety and health committee does not
consider itself competent to deal with the case, it shall
recommend an acceptable third party to the person-in-charge.
(f) The person in charge shall, pursuant to (d)
or (e), take the recommendations into consideration, render a
final management decision and undertake the appropriate
action.
If the employee does not agree with the final
decision which has been rendered, a grievance may be initiated
pursuant to the NJC redress procedure.
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