Glacial Erosion of Bedrock and Ice Flow History in the Kivalliq Region |
Proactive disclosure Print version ![Print version Print version](/web/20061103041559im_/http://www.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/esst_images/_printversion2.gif) ![](/web/20061103041559im_/http://www.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/esst_images/_spacer.gif) | ![](/web/20061103041559im_/http://www.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/esst_images/_spacer.gif) | ![Geological Survey of Canada Geological Survey of Canada](/web/20061103041559im_/http://www.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/esst_images/gsc_e.jpeg) Natural Resources Canada > Earth Sciences Sector > Geological Survey of Canada > Surficial Geology
Glacial Erosion of Bedrock and Ice Flow History in the Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada Methods
Systematic ice flow indicator mapping was carried out in the Kaminak Lake (NTS 55L), Ferguson Lake (NTS 65I), MacQuoid Lake (NTS 55M), Gibson Lake (NTS 55N), Thirty Mile Lake (NTS 65P), Tavani (NTS 55K), Marble Island (NTS 55J), and Chesterfield Inlet (NTS 55O) map areas during the summers of 1997, 1998 and 1999. The erosional record of ice flow was based on the orientation of striations, grooves, rat tails, crescentic gouges and fractures, chattermarks, and roches moutonnées. Special attention was given to outcrops with multiple directions of ice flows. Measurements were commonly taken on clean shoreline outcrops and on flat-lying surfaces to avoid the influence of local bedrock topography. The sense of movement was derived from rat tails, crescentic features, chattermarks and roches moutonnées, and from stoss and lee relations. Relative ages of striated surfaces were interpreted based on the following criteria: a) a set of striations located in a lee-side position relative to another, is usually older, b) a set just touching the top parts of the outcrop will have been formed by the youngest movement, c) a set preserved only in depressions and other low positions is interpreted as older, and d) a deeper set (groove) is usually older than a finer set (microstriae). A list of useful references giving a detailed description of terms and field methods is provided in Publications.
![Actively eroding shorelines along Chesterfield Inlet Actively eroding shorelines along Chesterfield Inlet](/web/20061103041559im_/http://www.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/surf/kivalliq/images/newmeth1_.jpg) Actively eroding shorelines along Chesterfield Inlet
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High isostatic uplift rates in the area, reaching today as much as 50 cm per century, result in actively eroding shorelines along the coast. Outcrops recently cleaned of drift are ideal sites for observing well preserved striations. |
![Clean shoreline outcrops along Forde Lake Clean shoreline outcrops along Forde Lake](/web/20061103041559im_/http://www.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/surf/kivalliq/images/newmeth2_.jpg) Clean shoreline outcrops along Forde Lake
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Along Forde Lake in the Thirty Mile Lake map area, east-west trending bedrock shorelines, perpendicular to the strong fetch of this northerly oriented lake, provide good sites for measuring the complex ice flow record under the Keewatin Ice Divide. |
![Striations curving around roches moutonnées Striations curving around roches moutonnées](/web/20061103041559im_/http://www.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/surf/kivalliq/images/newinter-i_.jpg) Striations curving around roches moutonnées
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The orientation of striations can vary on sides of roches moutonnées and deviate significantly from the average direction of ice flow. Striations are therefore measured on the flat-lying upper surface, as seen here near Chesterfield Inlet. |
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