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Report Summaries
Afforestation Policy Analysis
Index
| Demonstration Sites |
Economic Analysis
Carbon Science | Investment
Option Analysis
Afforestation and the Kyoto Protocol
Land
Suitability | Report Summaries |
Contact Information
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Photo: Hybrid Poplar clones in greenhouse,
ON |
Demonstration Sites
- Forest 2020: Practical guide, Afforestation
of wildlands
A review of recommended growing practices in Quebec.
Report
(2.6 MB)
- Review of Best Practices for Tree Planting
on Marginal Agriculture Lands in Ontario
A review of recommended growing practices in Ontario.
Report
(3.75 MB)
Economic Analysis
FAACS Afforestation Pilots
AFC FAACS Pilot Reports
- Assessing the Potential for Afforestation
on Private Lands in Nova Scotia Interim Report
Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI) has partnered with the Canadian Forest
Service (CFS) through the Feasibility Assessment of Afforestation for
Carbon Sequestration (FAACS) initiative to investigate and develop mechanisms
to promote afforestation/reforestation on private lands across Nova
Scotia. Through this pilot project, FAACS is seeking insight to support
the development of the operational scale programming for afforestation/
reforestation which could help Canada’s commitments to greenhouse
gas reductions under the Kyoto Protocol.
Report
(471 KB)
- Summary Report: Nova Scotia Power Inc.
Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI ) is partnering with Canadian Forest Service
over several years to conduct a pilot “afforestation / reforestation”
project in Nova Scotia. This project will test partnerships with private
landowners with a view to estimating the carbon-sink potential of existing
forestlands, industrial lands and private lands.
Report
(84.5 KB)
LFC FAACS Pilot Reports
- Feasibility Assessment of Afforestation
for Carbon Sequestration (FAACS) Initiative
The Agence de mise en valeur des forêts privées
des Appalaches was selected in 2002 to implement a pilot project as
part of the Feasibility Assessment of Afforestation for Carbon Sequestration
(FAACS) Initiative sponsored by Natural Resources Canada. The following
is the report on the second year of implementation of the pilot project.
Report
(1.58 MB)
Complementary
information (93.1 KB)
Appendix
(8.74 KB)
GLFC FAACS Pilot Reports
NoFC FAACS Pilot Reports
- Northern Forestry Centre FAACS Pilot Backgrounder
In order to implement the Kyoto Protocol, it will be necessary
for individual nations to enact legislation dealing with emission allowances
and carbon credits. Specifically, there will need to be legislation
that clearly defines an emission allowance or carbon credit so that
it can be dealt with in any emission trading system.
Report
(122 KB)
- Tree Planting and Conservation Delivery
Organizations, Programs and Projects Across the Prairie Provinces
The objectives of this study are to i) identify and assess
past and present tree planting and other conservation delivery programs
on non-crown lands across the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and
Alberta; ii) identify possible partnership arrangements for the FAACS
initiative and; iii) provide recommendations on the feasibility of a
large-scale Prairie-centred afforestation program.
Report
(685 KB)
- Feasibility Assessment of Afforestation
for Carbon Sequestration (FAACS) Focus Group Research - Final Report
This report outlines the results obtained from of a series
of seven focus groups sessions that were conducted across Manitoba,
Saskatchewan and Alberta under the FAACS Pilot Project. The overall
objective of these focus group sessions were to i) determine landowner
attitudes towards participating in an afforestation program for the
purpose of
carbon sequestration, and; ii) to determine what characteristics the
program should have to attract landowner interest.
Report
(181 KB)
- Landowners’ Perspectives on Incentive
Mechanisms for Afforestation
The objectives of this current project is to report on the change in
landowner opinions subject to the presentation of various incentive
mechanisms, as landowner knowledge increases with an on-site tour of
afforestation plantations. The purpose of this investigation is to provide
the federal government with a practical set of incentive mechanisms
for consideration, highlighting not only the opportunities but also
the barriers and requirements on a regional level that will need to
be addressed in order to attract private landowners to an afforestation
initiative.
Report
(338 KB)
PFC FAACS Pilot Reports
- Exploring Options for Aggregating and Selling
Afforestation Carbon Credits from Small Landowners
The main purpose of this report is to explore the feasibility and options
for successfully aggregating and selling afforestation carbon credits
from small landowners. A secondary purpose is to discuss various aspects
of afforestation and provide information to the Canadian Forest Service
and landowners regarding the financial business side of sequestering
and selling carbon.
Report
(304 KB)
Appendices
(345 KB)
- National Survey of Rural Landowners
This study updates and builds upon a benchmark national survey of farmers
and ranchers on the topic of land use and land stewardship, undertaken
by the same sponsors in 2000 and hereafter referred to as the Phase
I survey.
Report
(670 KB)
- Regional Pilots Summary Report
This report summarizes the findings of the FAACS afforestation pilots.
Report
(131 KB)
Afforestation Feasibility
Model
- Cost estimates for carbon sequestration
from fast growing poplar plantations in Canada
In this article, we present a spatial model of possible afforestation
activities for Canada.
Report (Report in review)
- Economic potential of afforestation in
Canada for medium-and fast-growing plantations
This paper uses CFS-AFM to examine the economic potential of three afforestation
scenarios for Canada – fast growing poplar species and, somewhat
slower growing hardwoods and conifers. The results illustrate important
trade-offs and data/information needs to consider in the development
of high productivity plantations in Canada as a carbon storage policy
option.
Report
Incentives Review and Assessment
- Incentives to Expand Forest Cover: A Framework
for Canada
The purpose of this study is to identify and discuss the range of available
incentive mechanisms and partnership arrangements to expand productive
tree cover in Canada. This is done through an examination of past and
present afforestation programs both in Canada and in other countries.
Report
(950 KB)
Incentives Research
- Incentives for Conservation Easements to
Sequester Carbon in North America
The purpose of this research was to review existing afforestation efforts
using conservation easements, conservation agreements or similar mechanisms
in Canada and the United States and evaluate the effectiveness of these
existing programs. The use of conservation easements to advance afforestation
of private lands would be one of an assortment of tools NRCan is preparing
to use in order to advance the carbon sequestration potential of Canada’s
private lands.
Report
(439 KB)
Appendices
(236 KB)
- Evaluation of Tax Incentives that Promote
Afforestation and Fast Growing Tree Plantations
The current project is focused on financial incentives, specifically
tax policies, that have the potential to attract investments in afforestation
and fast-growing tree plantations.
Report
(730 KB)
Carbon Science
Backcast
- National Backcast Report
This information is essential for the development
of credible estimates of carbon sequestration from afforestation/reforestation,
which are required as part of Canada’s international reporting
commitments under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. It also provides
useful insights about the scope and scale of recent afforestation activity
in Canada.
Report
(86.1 KB)
Measurement and Monitoring
Protocol
- Measuring and Monitoring
Afforestation Plantations at NoFC
The following protocol has been developed
over the last year with the objective of designing a practical carbon
monitoring system for afforestation scenarios in Canada. This protocol
and associated references, calculation tables etc are intended as a
preliminary field guide to the measurement and monitoring of afforestation
plantations, allowing local adaptations to be added, relative to the
end users needs and priorities.
Report
(1.14 MB)
- Forest 2020 Preliminary
Site Assessment Field Guide
The purpose of this document is to develop a relatively quick
but thorough assessment system to delineate and
document site conditions and suitability of potential lands for inclusion
in the “Forest 2020 / Greencover” initiative to establish
demonstrations of fastgrowing plantations across the country.
Report
(984 KB)
Risk Assessment
- Plantation Risk Assessment Workshop: Final
Report
This report deals with the outcome of consultations with experts
to determine risks that might affect forest plantation performance.
It is a preliminary record of information related to these risks and
is intended as background information for those contemplating establishing
fast growing forest plantations in Canada.
Report
(216 KB)
Investment Option Analysis
- Australia’s Joint Venture arrangements
Australia's joint venture forestry arrangements first appeared to any
extent in the mid- to late- 1980s, often between State Government forestry
agencies and private landowners. With the Commonwealth Softwood Loan
Scheme coming to a close, States saw joint ventures as one option to
continue the growth in commercial plantations and to promote smaller
scale farm plantations. Since then, it has become an important tool
in plantation development, especially as a mechanism to attract overseas
investment.
Report
(75.8 KB)
- The Danish Forestry Extension Programme
The Danish Forestry Extension consists of 15 local units known as Forest
Owners Associations. These units offer consulting services to forest
owners and are owned by the forest owners themselves via their membership
of the unit. Forestry extension in Denmark is concentrated in two large
private organizations, along with some smaller private associations,
a number of private individuals and local national forest districts.
These private organizations offer services that entail the handling
of forest products sales of logs, timber, decoration greenery, and Christmas
trees, often on a commission basis. Their services can also include
assistance with logging or planting operations. Sale of plants or materials
like fencing material and fertilisers are also typical services of the
private forest advisors.
Report
(88.1 KB)
- Institutional Investment (TIMOs & FMOs)
Institutional investors in forestry typically invest in large
parcels of land, or large aggregations of smaller parcels of land, which
are usually researched by the fund manager. Land is then acquired by
the investment firm or an agent acting on behalf of a group of investors,
either through land leases (as is often done under forest management
investments) or outright land purchase (as is often done under real
estate investments). There are a number of different structures in the
timberland investment industry that operate under this framework, each
with their own approach to investing in plantations.
Report
(56.1 KB)
- Coillte’s Farm Forestry Partnership
Scheme in Ireland
At the start of the 20th century only 1% of Ireland was under
forest. Recent afforestation policies have significantly increased the
land area under forestry and forest cover is now 9.7% of national territory.
In order to achieve this Coillte, Ireland's autonomous self-financing
state forestry corporation, implemented a form of joint venture similar
to those seen in regions of Canada, in which farmers provide land to
Coillte to plant. In return Coillte shares both the income from the
afforestation grants and the revenue from timber sales with the landowner.
The scheme has allowed Coillte to increase production and offers farmers
a form of tax-free income.
Report
(84.1 KB)
- Japan’s Fiscal Investment & Loan
Program, and Co-operative Financing Agreements
Modern-day Japan's fiscal activity, including funding for forestry
activities, depends on traditional tax revenues and funds from the Fiscal
Investment and Loan Program (FILP). Unlike taxes, the FILP funds are
drawn from postal savings and other funds backed by the credit and institutions
of the nation and they must be repaid with interest. The FILP also differs
from government borrowing through bonds in that the future repayment
comes not from tax revenues but from fund repayments by the enterprises
that receive the funding.
Report
(91.2 KB)
- Norway’s Forest Trust Fund
A mandatory forestry investment system in Norway requires funds to be
collected from private forest owners and reinvested in forest lands
according to rules established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forest
Department. When timber is sold, 5% to 25% of the value is deposited
into a trust fund for a given forest property. Each forest owner is
free to set the percentage from year to year according to his or her
financial situation, investment plans, etc..
Report
(52.2 KB)
- United States Forestry Incentives Program
The Forestry Incentives Program was enacted in 1973 to increase the
timber supply in the United States by increasing tree planting and timber
stand improvement on non-industrial private forest lands. Public and
private rates of return averaged about 10% for the various public and
private accounting criteria, and program benefit-cost ratios consistently
exceeded 1.0 by a substantial margin and federal income taxes on the
timber harvests stemming from FIP plantings would eventually be more
than double the annual federal FIP expenditures. Moreover, retention
rates for FIP have exceeded 92% for the duration of the program.
Report
(58.4 KB)
- World Bank Carbon Finance Funds
The World Bank's carbon finance funds are helping catalyze the emerging
global carbon market by extending carbon finance to both developing
countries and economies in transition, by linking buyers of carbon credits
with climate-friendly projects that are seeking financing. The Bank
is actively engaged in expanding these opportunities in discussions
with other potential OECD carbon buyers-both public and private.
Report
(100 KB)
- Plantation Investment Forum
The Canadian Forest Service is examining the economic returns
from fast growing plantations and potential options to attract investment
into future Canadian plantations by taking advantage of the combined
benefits of wood fibre, carbon values and other environmental services.
Summary Report
- Plantation
Investment Forum Report (548 KB)
Canada
Panel A
Panel B.i
Panel B.ii
Afforestation and the Kyoto Protocol
- Carbon Credits and Afforestation
This article presents the basic rules of the Kyoto Protocol as it relates
to newly established plantations and outlines some of the general areas
of policy concern surrounding domestic trade in carbon credits.
Report
(1.88 MB )
Land Suitability
- Afforestation activity in the Prairie Provinces
(1990–2002)
This information provides direct inputs into the selection of spatial
and environmental variables and their attribute values for developing
a model of land suitability for afforestation in the Prairie Provinces,
and will provide a basis for its application across Canada.
Report
(161 KB)
- Land Suitability Modelling Report: NoFC
Contribution
This paper provides an overview of the land suitability modelling work
undertaken during 2004/2005.
Report (Under review)
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