On Farm
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1. |
When contacted by a producer or private veterinarian regarding a bovine
with neurological signs, CFIA staff will determine if the animal is a BSE
(or rabies) suspect based on the case definition in 2.1 Policy (4). |
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2. |
Arrange to visit the farm as soon as possible to procure a diagnostic
sample if the history and clinical signs reported indicate that the animal is a BSE
suspect (confirmatory negative). |
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3. |
At the farm, confirm the clinical signs and history. Establish whether
diagnostic samples are to be submitted for BSE testing only or for both BSE and rabies
testing. Unless the clinical history clearly indicates otherwise (e.g. the clinical signs
have been present for more than 10 days), all animals displaying clinical signs of central
nervous system disease should also be tested for rabies. Any animal determined not to be a
BSE testing only or for both BSE suspect may be sampled under the BSE
surveillance program described in 5.1 Target Populations. |
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4. |
Order the animal destroyed with compensation. Complete and issue CFIA/ACIA
4203-Requirement to Dispose and Award of Compensation. |
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5. |
Complete and issue CFIA/ACIA 4206-Requirement to Quarantine and/or
License to Transport Animals or Things to maintain official control of the carcass
until the test results are known. |
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6. |
Collect appropriate diagnostic samples in accordance with 6.1 Appendix
1. Specimens are to be submitted as "BSE confirmatory negative" samples and
their submission is to be coordinated with NCFAD as per the Foreign Animal Disease
Manual of Procedures (FAD MOP). |
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7. |
Ensure that all identifiers on the animal (e.g. ear tags, legible
tattoos/brands) are recorded on the submission form. Also ensure that all pertinent
information regarding the name and address of the owner, a full description of the animal
including its age and breed, and a description of the clinical signs are included. |
In Abattoirs
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8. |
All cattle presented for slaughter must be inspected for evidence of
central nervous system disease. Cattle exhibiting such signs must be held and referred to
an animal health inspector. A bovine that fits the BSE case definition referred to in 2.1
Policy (4) must be classified as a BSE suspect (confirmatory
negative). The possibility of rabies should also be considered. Any animal over 30 months
of age determined not to be a BSE suspect may be sampled under the BSE surveillance
program described in 5.1 Target Populations. |
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9. |
BSE suspects are to be condemned and are not permitted to
proceed to the slaughter floor or to other areas of the establishment where edible product
is processed. The animal is to be isolated and cannot be moved from the premises.
Specimens are to be submitted as a BSE suspect (confirmatory negative) sample and their
submission is to be coordinated with NCFAD in accordance with the FAD MOP. |
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10. |
The carcass in its entirety (including all inedible portions) must be kept
separate and held until BSE and (if appropriate) rabies test results are known. Complete
and issue CFIA/ACIA 4206 to detain the carcass in its entirety until test results
are known or to license the carcass in its entirety for removal to an approved site for
burial or incineration. Ensure that the animal identification is noted on the quarantine
form. If the abattoir does not have the capacity to hold the carcass until the test
results are known, it may be licensed for removal to an alternate location where it can be
held. |
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| Non Negative |
1. |
Notification of non-negative results will be conducted in accordance with
Part C, Section 4.5 of the FAD MOP. Upon notification of a non negative BSE test result
from a CFIA laboratory, the appropriate CFIA district veterinarian is to trace the origin
of the sample and inform the owner of the inconclusive result. A cursory investigation
should establish the animal’s premises of origin and the current location of this
carcass. |
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2. |
Complete and issue CFIA/ACIA 4206-Requirement to Quarantine and/or
License to Transport Animals or Things to maintain official control of the carcass. |
| Confirmed Positive |
3. |
Confirmation of a BSE index case is the responsibility of the National BSE
Reference Laboratory at NCFAD, Winnipeg. Further confirmation of the diagnosis by the
world reference laboratory may be considered. Notification of results will be conducted in
accordance with Part C, Section 4.5 of the FAD MOP, that is, the Executive Director of NCFAD
will give the results verbally (by telephone) initially and then electronically to the
Executive Director, Laboratories Directorate and the Executive Director, APD. |
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4. |
When the appropriate district office is notified of a confirmed positive
diagnosis of BSE, CFIA staff promptly contact the premises from which the animal came and
schedule a visit as soon as possible. A thorough clinical and epidemiological
investigation must be performed at the time of the initial visit to the suspect premises
using the Epidemiological Report Form found in Part C, Section 3.2 of the FAD MOP, or its
equivalent. |
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5. |
The investigation must identify the premises where the index case most
likely became infected (usually the premises of origin or the premises where the animal
spent the first year of its life). Further investigation must identify the most likely
source of the BSE agent to which this animal was exposed. This investigation includes
establishing feeding practices and sources of feed or other products that have had the
potential to be contaminated with the BSE agent and ingested by the index case. Animals of
equivalent risk to be ordered destroyed are then determined on the basis of exposure to
the same source of BSE agent. |
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| Equivalent Risk Animals |
1. |
Animals of equivalent risk are defined as:
- all BSE suspects, and
- all progeny of confirmed positive female cases, born within two years prior to or after
the clinical onset of the disease, and
- all cattle reared with the BSE cases during their first year of life and which the
investigation finds may have consumed the same potential source of the BSE agent
(contaminated feed) during that period of time (the feed cohort); or
- all cattle born on the same premises as the BSE case within 12 months of the birth of
the BSE case (the birth cohort).
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| Quarantine Actions |
2. |
Complete and issue CFIA/ACIA 4206-Requirement to Quarantine and/or
License to Transport Animals or Things listing all individual bovines or groups of
bovines or groups of ruminants, related carcasses and related bovine embryos on premises,
and any (old) livestock feed potentially contaminated with BSE as deemed necessary by the
livestock feed investigation to ensure official control of the animals of equivalent risk
as defined above. These quarantines are to remain in place until such time as the
epidemiological investigation has proceeded and the identification of the individual
equivalent risk animals has been refined. |
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3. |
Complete and reissue CFIA/ACIA 4206 listing only the individual
equivalent risk bovines, related carcasses and related embryos on the premises, and feed
products of direct interest as additional information becomes available through the
epidemiological investigation. |
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4. |
As milk is not considered a tissue with detectable infectivity for BSE,
there are no restrictions on milk produced on a premises under quarantine or from animals
subject to destruction. Milk destined for raw milk cheese is equivalent to pasteurized
milk with regard to BSE. Tracing and recall of products produced from past milk production
is not undertaken. |
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5. |
Semen is not considered a tissue of risk for transmission of BSE. While in vivo derived embryos collected according to international
standards are not considered a significant risk for transmission of BSE, there remains
scientific uncertainty concerning maternal transmission in the peri-clinical time period.
To be consistent with the classification and disposition of the progeny born within 24
months of a confirmed positive animal showing clinical signs, bovine embryos on premises
where BSE equivalent risk animals reside should be quarantined until the epidemiological
investigation and test results are sufficiently advanced to permit their release or result
in an order of destruction for these commodities. |
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1. |
Order the destruction with compensation of all animals of equivalent risk
as defined in 3.3 Premises Control Actions. |
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2. |
The option to delay the destruction of equivalent risk animals will be
determined on a case-by-case basis when the animal is a purebred, registered animal that
the owner wishes to maintain for the purpose of collecting semen or embryos/offspring.
Such animals must be maintained in individual quarantines until their ultimate disposal or
demise. Examine the animal not less than once per month while alive. The CFIA should issue
CFIA/ACIA 4206-Requirement to Quarantine and/or License to Transport Animals or Things
annually to remind the producer of the status of the animal. |
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3. |
Provide written instructions to the producer to examine the animal daily
for evidence of any change in health status and to report to the CFIA if any changes are
noted. Require the application of an easily visible permanent identifier (CCIA tag), or
other means of identification approved by the CFIA. Any embryos collected from or progeny
produced by the equivalent risk animal must also be quarantined. Reissue CFIA/ACIA
4206 describing the equivalent risk animal and the associated offspring. The
offspring are to remain in quarantine until the equivalent risk animal has been ordered
destroyed or dies and is tested. The final disposition of the animal will be dependent on
the test results. |
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4. |
In vivo derived embryos collected from
equivalent risk animals and processed in accordance with International Embryos Transfer
Society (IETS) standards are not subject to any restrictions. In vitro
fertilized embryos collected from an equivalent risk animal are to be quarantined and
remain quarantined until the equivalent risk animal has been ordered destroyed or dies and
is tested. The final disposition of the embryos will be dependent on the test results. |
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5. |
Any and all parts of the index case (carcass) and the carcasses of animals
of equivalent risk should be ordered destroyed with compensation. |
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6. |
Order the destruction with compensation of any feedstuffs that is
identified by the epidemiological investigation to be potentially contaminated with the BSE
agent. |
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1. |
Arrange an evaluation of all bovines, products and by-products ordered
destroyed. |
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2. |
Appraise the animals in accordance with the maximums specified in the Compensation for Destroyed
Animals Regulations. Appraise an animal as a purebred if it has a valid
registration certificate and can be positively identified (tattoo/eartag). Original
registration certificates must accompany CFIA/ACIA 4203-Requirement to Dispose and
Award of Compensation. |
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3. |
If, for some reason, a purebred animal’s registration certificate is
not available at the time of the evaluation, appraise the animal as both purebred and
grade. Award grade compensation. Owners should be advised that they have 90 days to
present the registration certificate. Supplementary compensation is to be awarded after
receipt of the valid registration certificate. |
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1. |
Animals ordered destroyed must be humanely killed. |
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2. |
Complete and issue CFIA/ACIA 4203-Requirement to Dispose and Award of
Compensation, listing all forms of each bovine’s individual identification and
their description (breed, sex, age), as well as a complete description of any animal
products or by-products that are to be ordered destroyed. |
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3. |
Collect and submit appropriate samples for BSE testing from all bovines
ordered destroyed that are older than 30 months of age in accordance with 6.1 Appendix
1, except in situations in which the time from potential exposure to destruction is
markedly less than the shortest possible incubation period. |
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4. |
In vitro fertilized embryos harvested from
confirmed positive BSE cases within 24 months of the sample collection date are to be
ordered destroyed. All other bovine genetic material maybe released (see Section 3.4
(3) for circumstances of genetic material collected from equivalent risk animals
maintained in quarantine). |
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5. |
Collect and submit appropriate samples of any feedstuffs that have been
ordered destroyed in accordance with the Feed Inspector Certification Manual: Product
Sampling. |
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1. |
Assist owner in the arrangement of appropriate disposal of the animals /
carcasses / products / by-products and feedstuffs. |
| Burial or Incineration |
2. |
Carcasses / products from test negative animals may be disposed of without
restrictions. Carcasses / associated products or by-products of animals of unknown
status (untested or test results not known) and feedstuffs ordered destroyed must be
disposed of by burial or incineration. If an animal or carcass or product ordered
destroyed is removed from the premises for incineration or burial, a license using CFIA/ACIA
1509-License for Removal of Animals or Things must be issued by a CFIA inspector. All
trucks hauling carcasses or products from the affected premises must be leak proof,
covered, and follow the route detailed on the license. Standard cleaning and disinfection
of the conveyance is required. Special attention should be paid to conveyances used to
transport potentially contaminated feedstuffs so as to prevent residual contamination. |
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3. |
If burial on the premises is permitted, appropriate site selection or
equivalent measures should be taken to minimize the potential for ruminants to access to
the site. Disposal of carcasses on the premises may require an environmental assessment
review. Please consult the provincial authorities to obtain information concerning
pertinent provincial legislation. |
| Environmental Regulations |
4. |
All methods of disposal are subject to provincial and municipal
environmental regulations. The district veterinarian should be knowledgeable about
environmental regulations regarding on-farm and sanitary landfill use for the disposal of
animal carcasses. The district veterinarian should also know if commercial incineration
facilities are available and if on-farm incineration of animal carcasses is permitted. |
| Composting |
5. |
Preliminary research results suggest that composting maybe an effective
method of eliminating TSE infectivity; however, this method of disposal is not recommended
at this time. |
| Owner’s Responsibility |
6. |
It is ultimately the owner’s responsibility to arrange for the
disposal of animals ordered destroyed and to comply with any provincial and municipal
environmental regulations pertaining to the disposal of animal carcasses. |
| Costs |
7. |
The owner is responsible for paying for all the costs of disposal for the
animals and must present receipts for eligible expenses to the district veterinarian for
compensation by CFIA. |
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1. |
Cleaning and disinfection activities are limited to ensuring the complete
destruction/disposal of any potentially contaminated feedstuffs, or other products that
may contain the BSE agent, and to preventing the contamination of future feedstuffs that
may be placed in the same container or conveyance. |
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2. |
Areas and equipment that have been used for the collection of test samples
from BSE suspect or equivalent risk animals should be cleaned and disinfected in
accordance with 6.2 Appendix 2. |
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3. |
Bedding and surface soil, which may have been contaminated with body fluids
at the site of carcass sampling, should be collected and destroyed in a similar manner to
the BSE positive animal. |
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4. |
Conveyances used to transport carcasses of confirmed positive or animals
ordered destroyed of unknown disease status should be subject to standard cleaning and
disinfection. |
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5. |
No cleaning and disinfection of the animal holding areas is required. |
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1. |
There are no restrictions on the restocking of the premises with new bovine
livestock. |
