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Foot and Mouth Disease > Hazard Specifc Plan
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| Abattoir |
Premises used for the slaughter of animals for sale for human consumption
and includes any place in connection therewith for the confinement of animals while
awaiting slaughter there or for keeping, or subjecting to any treatment or process,
products of the slaughtering of animals. |
| Act |
Health of Animals Act |
| Animal |
Includes an embryo and a fertilized egg or ovum. |
| Animal by-product |
Blood or any of its components, bones, bristles, feathers, flesh, hair,
hides, hoofs, horns, offal, skins and wool, and any thing containing any of those things. |
| Animal product |
Products of animal origin intended for human consumption, animal feeding,
pharmaceutical or surgical use or for agricultural or industrial use, biological products
and pathological material. Examples are cream, eggs, milk, non-fertilized ova, semen and
embryos. |
| Approved C&D station |
Any place approved by the Minister for the cleaning, disinfection or
treatment of any conveyance or vehicle. |
| Area emergency response team (AERT) |
The CFIA team at the Area Emergency Operation Center, which includes the
following functions: outbreak management, communications, stakeholder liaison, human
resources support diagnostics, tracing, movement control, vaccination, evaluation,
depopulation, disposal, cleaning and disinfection, epidemiology, etc. |
| Artificial insemination centre |
A facility for the production of semen approved by the Veterinary
Administration and used exclusively for donor animals. |
| Blanket vaccination |
The term is generally used where eradication of FMD is not feasible and the
country controls clinical signs but not infection with FMD through widespread vaccination.
Permanent identification or quarantine or movement control of vaccinates is not
necessarily required under these conditions. |
| Bovine |
Cattle or bison domestically raised or kept, but does not include a bison
that has ever been in contact with or part of a wild herd. |
| Buffer Zone (OIE) |
Means a zone established within and along the border of an infected
zone(s) using measures based on the epidemiology of FMD to prevent spread of the
causative animal pathogen into a free country or zone. These measures may include, but are
not limited to, vaccination. Vaccinated animals must be recognizable by a specific
permanent mark. The vaccines used must meet standards defined in the Terrestrial
Animal Health Manual. The buffer zone should have an intensified degree of
disease surveillance and control. This term is not used in the present strategy. |
| Case |
An individual animal affected by an infectious or parasitic disease. |
| Case definition |
A straightforward statement specifying the presence of an infectious or
parasitic disease that combines clinical manifestation with yes/no criteria (such as
laboratory test or epidemiological link) for the purpose of initiating a disease control
action. |
| Chief Veterinary Officer |
Top-ranking veterinary official with animal health responsibilities in
Canada. |
| Confirmed diagnosis |
NAFMDVB definition for NA communication indicating that the virus is
isolated and identified or viral antigen has been identified along with clinical signs
consistent with the disease or other epidemiological information. Additional typing is not
required. |
| Confirmatory Negative |
If, on completion of the initial investigation by a CFIA veterinary
inspector of the premises under investigation, it is determined from clinical signs and
epidemiological history that a FAD cannot be absolutely ruled out. The laboratory specimen
is submitted and classified Confirmatory Negative. |
| Confirmed infected place (confirmed positive premises) |
A premises where the disease had been identified and sample results been
confirmed by the official laboratory. |
| Contact premises |
A premises that is related epidemiologically with another premises. A
contact premises is a premises that contains susceptible animals which have been in
contact with an infected premises or an infected animal. Direct contact implies the
movement of an animal whereas indirect contact means the movement of a potentially
contaminated infected thing (fomite). |
| Control area |
Legally defined under Section 27 (1) of the Health of Animals Act,
and referred to in the Ministerial declaration which incorporates all infected places and
within which movement restrictions and emergency eradication measures are authorized. It
may be subdivided into designated zones as per Section 80 of Health of Animals
Regulations and FAD strategy documents. The Health of Animals Act control
area corresponds to an infected zone defined by the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health
Code 2005 as a clearly defined territory within a country in which a disease has been
diagnosed. This area must be clearly defined in accordance with the environment, the
different ecological and geographical factors as well as epidemiological factors and the
type of animal husbandry being practiced. |
| Critical period |
The epidemiologically significant period for tracing purposes on a
confirmed positive premises, generally the period from the estimated date of introduction
or the maximum incubation period (Terrestrial Animal Health Code) before the
onset of clinical signs. Field determination of critical period must be made with
consideration for the species present and their propensity for clinical expression. |
| Declaration (of Control area) |
A signed declaration, issued by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food,
under the Health of Animals Act, identifying the disease, prescribing the limits
of the Control Area and making regulations accordingly. |
| Declared positive infected place, positive premises |
A premises where the disease had been identified, and declared to be
positive based on clinical signs or an epidemiological link to a confirmed infected place without_confirmation
by official laboratory results. |
| Director of Field Operations |
Directs all disease control and eradication operations in the field; this
individual is key to the success of the emergency resolution; located in the Field
Operations Centre (FOC). |
| Disinfection |
The application, after through cleaning, of procedures intended to destroy
the infectious or parasitic agents of animal diseases, including zoonoses; this applies to
premise, vehicles and different objects which may have been directly or indirectly
contaminated. |
| Dispose |
Includes slaughter or otherwise destroy, bury or render. |
| Emergency vaccination |
Selectively targeted FMD vaccination of susceptible animals in designated
zone(s) as a temporary measure to delay destruction of high risk animals and minimize
further virus production in an expanding outbreak. The objective is to vaccinate the
minimum number of livestock to ensure secure protection against further FMD spread. All FMD
vaccinates will be permanently identified, subject to movement restrictions and may be
targeted for slaughter in order to expeditiously regain FMD country freedom without
vaccination. |
| Equine |
A horse, ass, mule or zebra. |
| Eradication |
The elimination of a pathogenic agent from a country or zone. |
| Exposed premises |
A contact premises which received animals (direct contact), products, by
products or things including animal feed and manure, vehicles or equipment from an
infected premises (indirect contact) of a nature likely to have introduced the disease
agent. (Equivalent to Dangerous contact premises USDA/AUSVETPLAN.) |
| Fomite |
A term used to include all things that have been in contact with an
infected animal, so as to retain some of the infectious agent and can serve as a source of
infection. |
| (Trained) FAD diagnostician |
A veterinarian who has received the formal training in clinical FAD such as
in high containment at the National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease or equivalent. |
| Foreign Animal Disease |
Is a reportable disease or immediately notifiable disease that does not
exist in Canada and for which there is a strategy, or any other disease prescribed as such
after due consideration by the Minister. |
| Free zone (OIE) |
A zone in which the absence of the disease under consideration has been
demonstrated by the requirements specified in the Code for free status being met. Within
the zone and at its borders, appropriate official veterinary control is effectively
applied for animals and animal products, and their transportation. |
| Herd or flock |
"herd" or "flock", in respect of ruminants, means all
ruminants (a) that are owned by, or are in the possession or under the care or control
of, any person and are kept:
- (i) on one or more parts of any single premises, or
- (ii) on two or more premises that are geographically separate, where the ruminants have
been interchanged or have had contact, or
(b) that are kept on a community pasture, grazing association unit or other common
premises where the ruminants of more than one owner are kept, and includes any ruminants
owned by the owners of those ruminants that are kept on any other premises and that are
under the care or control of any of those owners; (troupeau) |
| High risk |
If, on completion of the initial investigation by a CFIA veterinary
inspector of the premises under investigation, it is determined from clinical signs and
epidemiological history that a FAD is a definite possibility. The laboratory specimen is
submitted as high risk. |
| Incubation period (maximum) |
The longest known or assumed incubation period for the disease agent in
question; OIE standards for incubation periods should be consulted for all List A or List
B disease agents. |
| Infected place |
Legal term for a premises that has been declared an infected place by an
inspector (under Section 22 of the Health of Animals Act) and consequently
restrictions have been imposed by Section 25 of the Act limiting the movement of animals,
animal products and by-products, things, etc. A declared infected place may be an infected
premises, an exposed premises, a contact premises, or more simply a premises that is
declared infected because of its close proximity to a positive premises. An infected place
is suspected of having an infection. A distinction may be made by stating suspect infected
place versus positive infected place/premises (see above). Confusion may arise as other
countries use infected premises for a confirmed or positive premises. As quarantines under
the Act are issued using an infected place declaration (CFIA 1612), the distinction is
important in Canada. |
| Infected Zone |
The zone established pursuant to the Health of Animals Regulations
Section 80, which includes all positive FAD premises. The outer boundary is determined by OIE
standards and the epidemiology of the disease adjusted to the environment, different
ecological and geographic factors as well as all the epidemiological factors and types of
animal husbandry being practiced and resources to control the epidemic. Movement of
susceptible livestock must be strictly controlled. |
| Infection |
The presence of the pathogenic agent in the host. |
| Inspector |
A person appointed or designated as an inspector under Section 32 of the
Act. |
| Livestock |
Animals of the bovine, caprine, equine, ovine and porcine species. |
| Milk |
The lacteal secretion obtained from the mammary gland of any ruminant in
concentrated, dried, frozen, reconstituted or fresh form. |
| Modified stamping-out policy |
Used in communications to the OIE whenever the animal health measures
defined in "stamping out" are not implemented in full. Details of the
modifications should be given. |
| Movement control |
Restrictions placed on the movement of animals, people or things to prevent
the spread of disease. |
| National Emergency Response Team (NERT) |
The CFIA Team at headquarters in Ottawa, which is responsible for national
direction and management of the Operations eradication response to support the Area
Emergency Teams(s) involved. |
| Official control program |
A program that is approved and managed or supervised by the competent
authority of a country for the purpose of controlling a pathogen or disease by specific
measures applied throughout that country or within a zone or zones of that country. |
| Official identification |
An approved form of identification under the Health of Animals
Regulations (e.g. Canadian Cattle Identification tag; a Health of Animals tag). |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) |
Clothing and equipment to prevent occupational injuries and diseases
through control of exposure to potential hazards in the work place after engineering and
administrative controls have been implemented to the fullest extent. PPE is required to be
provided by the employer under the Canada Labour Code Part II Sections 124 and 125. |
| Place |
Includes a conveyance. |
| Premises |
A ranch, farm, stable or other establishment in which animals are kept. |
| Pre-emptive slaughter |
Depopulation under the competent authority of susceptible animal species in
herds on premises which have been exposed to infection by direct animal to animal contact,
or by indirect contact of a kind likely to cause the transmission of FAD virus prior to
the expression of clinical signs especially in situations of high density of susceptible
animals, intensive movement of animals and/or persons in contact with susceptible animals,
delays in suspect status notification or insufficient information on the possible origin
and transmission of the virus. |
| Presumptive diagnosis |
Meets the following criteria: (i) CFIA veterinary inspector has
investigated the outbreak; and
(ii) clinical signs consistent with the disease and/or other epidemiology indicates the
disease. |
| Protective vaccination |
Emergency vaccination carried out in a designated buffer-vaccination zone
in order to create an immune barrier by protecting susceptible animals against airborne
spread of FMD or spread through fomite of FMD and where the animals are intended to be
kept alive following vaccination. |
| Rendering plant |
A place (a) where animal by-products are prepared or treated for use in, or
converted into, fertilizers, animal food, fats or oils, other than fats or oils used for
human consumption (b) where a substance resulting from a process mentioned in paragraph
(a) is stored, packed or marked, or (c) from which a substance resulting from a process
mentioned in paragraph (a) is shipped. |
| Reportable |
Prescribed as reportable by the Minister. |
| Ruminant |
Means an animal of the suborder Ruminative and includes an animal
of the family Camellia. |
| Sentinel animals |
Animals of known initial health status monitored for the purpose of
detecting the presence of a specific exotic disease agent. |
| Special premises |
Premises such as an abattoir, artificial insemination centre, sales yard,
zoo, game farm, shipping yard or any other premises where animals are kept or assembled. |
| Stamping out policy |
Carrying out under the authority of the Veterinary Administration, on
confirmation of a disease, the killing of animals that are affected and those suspected of
being affected in the herd and, where appropriate, those in other herds which have been
exposed to infection by direct animal to animal contact, or by indirect contact of a kind
likely to cause the transmission of the causal pathogen. All susceptible animals,
vaccinated or unvaccinated, on an infected premises should be killed and their carcasses
destroyed by burning or burial, or by any other method which will eliminate the spread of
infection through the carcasses or products of the animals killed. This policy should be
accompanied by the cleansing and disinfection procedures defined in the Code. |
| Surveillance |
A systematic program of inspection and examination of animals to determine
the presence or absence of a disease. |
| Surveillance zone |
A zone established within, and along the border of, a free zone separating
the free zone from an infected zone. The surveillance zone should have an intensified
degree of surveillance. (Terrestrial Animal Health Code). Note that this terminology is
equivalent to the EU surveillance zone and it refers to a 10 km radius around and infected
place and its infected zone. |
| Suspect animal |
An animal from a premises declared to be an infected place under Section 22
of the Act. |
| Suspect infected place |
Infected place is a legal term (see above). A suspected infected place is
one suspected of having an infection, but which has not necessarily been confirmed.
Suspect premises may or may not have animals showing clinical signs that are typical of
the disease. |
| Susceptible animal |
Any animal of a susceptible species which is not vaccinated or which is
vaccinated but whose immunization cover is considered inadequate by the competent
authority. |
| Susceptible wildlife |
Any animal that is not kept in captivity that is susceptible to FAD virus
infection. |
| Tag |
An ear tag stamped with the letters "H of A" and includes any
device used for the identification of an animal pursuant to the Act and Regulations. |
| Test |
Includes (a) the collection of body tissue or fluid from an animal, and (b)
the injection of an animal for the purpose of determining that animal's freedom from or
infection with disease. |
| Tracing |
The process of locating animals, persons or things that may be implicated
in the spread of disease, so that appropriate action may be taken. The tracing priority is
the most likely infection period (determined by clinical or epidemiological
investigation). |
| Trace-in, trace back |
To identify the origin of all animals, animal products, suspected
contaminated fomites, people, vehicles, possible vectors, etc. that have been imported
onto an infected premises, to establish the original source of the infection. |
| Trace out, trace forward |
All animals, people, fomites, etc., that have left from the premises and
could have possibly carried infection to new places, should be traced. |
| Vaccinated premises |
A premises in a specified vaccination zone on which vaccination is being,
or has been, practiced. |
| Vaccination zone |
A clearly defined territory decreed by the competent authority within a
country in which a FAD has been diagnosed and where animals are systematically vaccinated
for the protection of the rest of the country (free zone). |
| Vector |
An animal (frequently an insect) that has the potential to transmit a
disease, directly or indirectly, from one animal to another. |
| Vehicle |
Any method of transport by land, air or water. |
| Veterinarian |
A person duly qualified to practice veterinary medicine under the laws of
the place where he practices. |
| Veterinary inspector |
A veterinarian appointed or designated as an inspector under Section 32 of
the Health of Animals Act. |
| Welfare slaughter |
The slaughter and disposal of livestock due to the necessity of the
industry to meet the reduced demand for livestock products as a result of trade
restrictions from an FMD outbreak. These are not infected animals. |
| Zone (OIE) |
A clearly defined part of the territory of a country with a distinct animal
health status. The following types of zones are recognized: free zone, infected zone,
surveillance zone and buffer zone in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code 2005. |
| Zoning/ regionalisation |
Dividing a country into defined infected (OIE definition) and disease-free
(OIE definition) areas. |
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