Publications Search Results

Atmosphere

• 2000 Annual Progress Report on The Canada-Wide Acid Rain Strategy for Post-2000
  In October 1998, federal, provincial and territorial Energy and Environment Ministers signed The Canada-Wide Acid Rain Strategy for Post-2000. This annual report reviews progress on The Strategy since fall 1999, with particular emphasis on the two priority areas identified by Ministers. It also reports on emissions of SO₂ and NO_x, the main acid rain-causing pollutants, and on compliance with international commitments, as required under The Strategy
  
  
• 2001 Annual Progress Report on The Canada-Wide Acid Rain Strategy for Post-2000
  This annual report on The Canada-Wide Acid Rain Strategy for Post-2000 (hereafter referred to as The Strategy) reviews progress in 2001 on key areas of The Strategy implementation. As required under The Strategy, it also reviews compliance with international commitments related to acid rain, and reports on emissions of SO₂ and NO_x the key acid rain-causing pollutants, for the year 2000 as well as forecasts for future years for these same pollutants.
  
  
• 2002 Annual Progress Report on The Canada-Wide Acid Rain Strategy for Post-2000
  This is the fourth annual report submitted to Energy and Environment Ministers on The Canada-Wide Acid Rain Strategy for Post-2000. The Strategy provides a framework for resolving the acid rain problem in eastern Canada and preventing one in western and northern Canada. The Strategy aims at keeping decision-makers and the public informed about: current and projected sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_X) emission levels in Canada, compliance with international emission reduction commitments, and progress in implementing The Strategy.
  
  
• A Summary of Data from Vehicle Emissions Inspection Clinics held in Canada (1986-1990)
  Vehicles are a major source of air pollution in Canadian urban centres. The rates of tampering with emission components during idling indicate problems with excess emissions from vehicles. The data comes from 13 federal/provincial vehicle inspection clinics held between 1986 and 1990. This report highlights the need for legislation in all provinces against tampering with emissions control systems in order to preserve urban air quality.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• A Summary of Data from Vehicle Emissions Inspection Clinics Held in Canada (1991 to 1995)
  This report presents the results of 25 vehicle emissions inspection clinics. Of the 8240 vehicles inspected for emissions component tampering, problems were found in 15% of cases. This report also underlines the importance of vehicle inspection and maintenance programs, and the need for legislation in all provinces to prevent tampering with emissions control systems.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Air Pollution Emissions and Control: Light-duty Vehicles
  In Canada, light-duty vehicles are the principal anthropogenic sources of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons. This report describes the contribution of these emissions, both directly and indirectly (through secondary atmospheric processes), to air pollution in and around urban centres and to long-range transport impacts. The projected decrease in these emissions from applying more stringent emission standards to light-duty vehicles is also examined. The economic and operating costs of light-duty vehicles are also considered.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Ambient Particulate Lead Concentrations in Canada: 1975-1983
  This report presents the results of ambient lead concentrations in Canada and the Canada-U.S. trends in ambient lead concentrations.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Analysis of Fuel Consumption Data for Heavy-duty Diesel Engines
  This paper summarizes an analysis of the fuel consumption of heavy-duty diesel engines offered for sale in North American in 2005. There are detailed specifications listed for 132 engine models made by 14 manufacturers. The specifications including in the data are as follows: brand, manufacturer, engine family, engine model, displacement, production location, 2004 production volume (as estimated by Rhein Associates, Inc.), number of cylinders, cylinder head, power, torque, bore and stroke, specific fuel consumption, compression ratio, block material, dry mass, and type of application.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Canada - United States Air Quality Agreement : 2006 Progress Report
  The 2006 Progress Report, prepared by the bilateral Air Quality Committee, is the eighth biennial report compiled under the 1991 Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement. Canada and the United States have continued to successfully reduce their emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x), the major contributors to acid rain. Both countries have also made considerable progress in meeting the requirements of the Ozone Annex to reduce emissions of NO_x and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
  
  
• Canada - United States Emissions Cap and Trading Feasibility Study
  The feasibility study was a Canada-United States national-level project to jointly explore the feasibility of cross-border trading of capped emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂). A significant accomplishment of the feasibility study is the creation of an analytical tool through which to explore the impact of (NO_x ) and (SO₂) cap and trading within the electricity sector. Refer to the publication "Protocols and Performance Specifications for Continuous Monitoring of Gaseous Emissions from Thermal Power Generation" for guidance.
  
  
• Canada's National Implementation Plan under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
  POPs are chemicals that are persistent, bio-accumulative and subject to long-range transport in the environment and cause adverse effects on human health or the environment. The 12 POP chemicals initially listed in the Stockholm Convention are among the most dangerous toxic substances because they do not break down easily in the environment and they accumulate in living organisms. The purpose of this National Implementation Plan is to inform the Conference of the Parties and the public about how the obligations of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants will be implemented in Canada.
  
  
• Canadian Emissions Inventory of Common Air Contaminants (1985)
  The results of the 1985 national emissions inventory as well as a description of the general methodologies employed are presented in this report. It also examines the computerized data handling system and additional information which has been assembled for modelling activities. The inventory is based on 1985 data and statistics which were used to compile the emissions on a provincial and sectoral basis.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Canadian Emissions Inventory of Criteria Air Contaminants (1990)
  This 1990 Canadian Emissions Inventory of Criteria Air Contaminants presents new data that update the 1985 national emissions estimates. The data in this report represent the best available information on emissions of the Criteria Air Contaminants in the ten provinces and two territories in 1990. Emissions have been compiled and presented by category, source sector, and geographically by province.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Canadian In-Use Vehicle Emissions Reduction Programs
  The purpose of this study is to review the experiences of Canadian jurisdictions in the application of inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs and other in-use vehicle emissions reduction programs that are designed to improve the environmental performance of motor vehicles and engines or to reduce their use. The programs identified include anti-tampering legislation and enforcement, I/M programs, inspections as part of periodic safety checks, and scrappage programs.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Clean Air Fact Sheets - Pacific and Yukon Region
  These fact sheets on clean air describe how Environment Canada, along with partners who also manage air quality, continue to work towards improving the quality of the air.
  
  
• Clean Air in Canada: Progress Report 2003 on Particulate Matter and Ozone
  The 2003 Progress Report on Particulate Matter and Ozone is the first periodic report that highlights actions by the federal government and progress made on the commitments in the Interim Plan 2001. These actions, such as the regulatory requirements for cleaner vehicle, fuels and small engines, the installation of more air quality monitoring stations and the tracking of more smog pollutants, demonstrate our commitment to cooperation with industry and provinces to work together for the benefit of all Canadians.
  
  
• Cleaner Air through Cooperation. Canada - United States. Progress under the Air Quality Agreement, 2003
  This brochure features recent progress made by Canada and the United States under the 1991 Air Quality Agreement and highlights key issues from the 2002 Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement Progress Report. A more complete presentation and discussion of all these areas can be found in the 2002 Progress Report at www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/can_us/canus_links_e.cfm
  
  
• Code of Practice on Halons
  Halon emissions deplete the ozone layer that shields the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. This code of practice is designed to reduce and eventually eliminate halon emissions to the atmosphere, in accordance with the international Montréal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and regulations under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. The code provides direction on managing halon stocks, including information on the regulatory framework, applications of halons, emission reduction, and decommissioning.
  
  
• Environment Canada's Montreal Protocol Bilateral Program:10 Years of Successful International Cooperation to Phase out Ozone Depleting Substances
  This brochure outlines how this Bilateral Program, by emphasizing effective cooperation with foreign governments, United Nations agencies and environmental industries has helped the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances in more than fifteen developing countries.
  
  
• Environmental Code of Practice for Base Metals Smelters and Refineries: Code of Practice, Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999
  The Environmental Code of Practice for Base Metals Smelters and Refineries describes operational activities and associated environmental concerns of this industrial sector. Recommendations for the environmental performance of these facilities are presented to mitigate these concerns. The recommended practices in the Code include the development and implementation of environmental management systems and the prevention and control of atmospheric emissions, wastewater effluents and wastes. These recommended practices may be used as requirements for new facilities and as goals for continual improvements for existing facilities.
  
  
• Environmental Code of Practice for Elimination of Fluorocarbon Emissions from Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Systems
  This revised code of practice covers six trade sectors: Industrial/Commercial, Residential, Residential Domestic Appliances, Mobile Air Conditioning, Mobile Refrigeration, and Heavy-duty Mobile Air Conditioning. The revised code reflects the development of new alternative refrigerants, new technologies, revised practices and procedures, and additional regulatory requirements. It can also now be used as a reference tool for the reduction of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) emissions.
  
  
• Environmental Status Report 1979-1984 - Vinyl Chloride Industry
  This report reviews the results of measures taken by industry to reduce vinyl chloride emissions to the atmosphere and describes other environmental protection practices relating to effluent discharges and hazardous waste handling. This is the first national status report that reviews compliance of the vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride (VC/PV) industry with the Federal Vinyl Chloride National Emissions Standards Regulations, which became effective on July 1, 1979.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Environmental Status Report 1985-1986 - Vinyl Chloride Industry
  This second status report examines compliance by the VC/PVC industry, for 1985 and 1986, with the regulations on vinyl chloride emissions. Measures taken by the industry to reduce emissions are reviewed and other environmental protection practices related to effluent discharges, hazardous waste handling, and safety and accident prevention are described. The efforts and actions taken by industry to implement the recommendations made in the first report on this industrial sector are also described.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Environmental Status Report 1987-1990 - Vinyl Chloride Industry
  Since February 1990, the vinyl chloride industry in Canada has been subject to the Vinyl Chloride Release Regulations under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. The third national status report reviews the results of measures taken by the industry to reduce vinyl chloride emissions, as well as vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride industry compliance with the federal regulations from 1987 to 1990.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Estimates of Emissions from Pleasure Craft in Canada
  This study quantifies emissions from pleasure craft in Canada, using basic data on the number of craft and the average fuel used by each type of craft during the season. The amount of pollutants emitted by these craft is estimated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency's generated emissions factors.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Feasibility Study for a Snowmobile Scrappage Program: Final Report
  Snowmobiles emitted an estimated 1.5 Mt of CO₂ in 2000 in Canada, which represented approximately 3% of total GHG emissions from the off-road sector. To support policy development regarding emissions of GHGs from off-road machines, the Transportation Systems Branch of Environment Canada required a feasibility study on implementing a scrappage program for snowmobiles in Canada. An important aspect of the study is to provide details on how a scrappage program for snowmobiles would operate in Canada.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Feasibility Study for Performance Labelling of Portable Generator Sets Up to 19kW in Canada: Final Report
  Product labels can be used at point-of-sale to influence buyers to select an environmentally superior product model. For portable gen-sets, fuel consumption information is provided by most manufacturers in terms of maximum hours of use on a single tank of fuel at a specific loading. This Study explored the technical, market, and economic feasibility of using portable gen-set performance labels to affect the purchase decisions of residential and commercial consumers.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Fine Particles and Ozone in Canada: A Canada-wide Standards Perspective, 2003 National Summary
  This report includes information on the national anthropogenic emissions of PM and its precursors and ozone precursors. Its main objective, however, is to present information on the 2003 monitoring results for PM_2.5 and ozone based on the Canada-wide Standard for Particulate Matter and Ozone (CWS) numerics. The report also includes an Appendix that provides an update on the PM_2.5 measurement method path forward, additional information on the nature of PM and ozone, information on some of the methods adopted for data analysis, and the identification of the considered monitoring stations.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Fuel Economy Study of Gasoline Generators
  This paper reports the results of a fuel economy and regulated emissions survey of 15 gasoline powered generators. The generators ranged in output capacity from 0.9kW to 7.0kW maximum rated output (MRO). The generators were operated on summer grade commercial fuel over a 6 mode test cycle when possible. The testing was designed to mimic the certification test the engines would undergo in an engine dynamometer test configuration with the exception that the loading was simulated by a load bank connected to the generators electrical output.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reporting: 2005 Reporting Year: Frequently Asked Questions
  This GHG reporting system is a result of the ongoing collaboration among the federal, provincial and territorial governments to develop a harmonized, "single-window," domestic mandatory reporting system for GHG emissions, a system that will be implemented in phases. This guidance document is designed to assist potential reporters determine if they are required to submit a report. It also includes technical information related to the GHG emissions to be reported and the required reporting format.
  
  
• Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reporting: Technical Guidance on Reporting Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2006 Reporting Year
  The purpose of this document is to provide guidance to reporters to help determine if they are required to submit a report and to present technical information related to the GHG emissions to be reported and the required reporting format. This technical information includes the GHGs and emission sources subject to reporting, along with information on methods for calculating emissions. An overview of the reporting process is also described herein. The electronic data reporting system will provide more detailed reporting instructions on how to complete and submit the report form and other relevant information.
  
  
• Guidance Document on Disposal Technologies for Ozone-depleting Substances (ODS) in Canada
  This document provides guidance to Canadian stakeholders on the latest mechanisms, technologies, performance standards, and procedures for ensuring the safe and effective destruction, transformation, and/or permanent stabilization of ODS stockpiles. Sixteen ODS disposal technologies are identified, based on environmental criteria and commercial availability. The document also provides information on the handling of surplus ODS, including applicable regulations relating to transportation, storage, and reporting requirements.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Guide for the Implementation of a Halocarbon Recovery Program for Domestic Appliances
  This guide is intended primarily for municipalities which are responsible for the disposal of out-of-service domestic appliances containing halocarbons to help them set up a recovery program. This guide is an update of the document entitled Designing a Program to Recover CFCs from Domestic Appliances published by Environment Canada in 1996.
  
  
• Guideline for the Index of the Quality of the Air
  This report provides information on the adverse effects of five common pollutants: sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and total suspended particulate. The index is designed to describe the general or prevailing air quality in urban areas.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Guidelines for Volatile Organic Compounds in Consumer Products
  The Guidelines for Volatile Organic Compounds in Consumer Products were published in November 2002 to fulfill commitments under the Federal Smog Management Plan - Phase II (Initiative V103), November 1997. The guidelines recommend VOC content limits for 23 consumer product categories and are equivalent to VOC content limits established by the United States Environment Protection Agency. The guidelines were developed through consultation with stakeholders including industry, industry associations, environmental non-governmental organizations, and provinces.
  
  
• Improve Air Quality: Reduce Emissions from Diesel-Fuelled Buses
  Owners and operators of diesel-fuelled buses can take steps to significantly reduce the emission of air pollutants from their vehicles. This fact sheet provides information about the steps that they can take-which include using cleaner fuels, replacing older vehicles with new buses equipped with more advanced emission control systems, and retrofitting existing engines with improved emission control systems-and the benefits associated with these actions.
  
  
• Lawn Mower Use and Emissions in Canada
  This report outlines how exhaust emissions from lawn mowers contribute to the overall non-road emissions inventory. Various methods are discussed for estimating the number of lawnmowers, type, and rate of use.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Light Duty Vehicle Emissions and the Oxidants Issue in Canada
  This report analyzes the four Canadian zones of ozone impacts: southwestern Ontario and Quebec; Vancouver and the lower Fraser Valley; Nova Scotia and New Brunswick; and the rest of Canada. It also describes the relationship between polluting sources and the four zones at risk, and proposes a control strategy development plan.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Locomotive Emissions Monitoring Program - 2004
  This report contains the Locomotive Emissions Monitoring (LEM) data filing for 2004 in accordance with the terms of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed in 1995 between Environment Canada (EC) and the Railway Association of Canada (RAC). Separate sections of the report highlight the particulars for 2004 regarding traffic, fuel consumption and CAC emissions and, based on fuel properties, the emissions of oxides of sulphur (expressed as SO₂) and greenhouse gases (GHG) expressed as CO₂ equivalent. Also included is a section on initiatives to reduce fuel consumption.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Locomotive Emissions Monitoring Programme - 2001
  This report contains the Railway Association of Canadas (RAC) filing for 2001 under the terms of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between Environment Canada (EC) and the RAC, signed in 1995 and covering the period 1990 to 2005. Canadas freight railways handled 220.4 million net ton-miles (NTM) of traffic in 2001, compared with 220.8 million NTM in 2000, and consumed slightly less fuel in 2001 than in 2000. Overall rail (which includes passenger) fuel consumption increased to 2017 million litres in 2001 from 1988 million litres in 2000.
  
  
• Locomotive Emissions Monitoring Programme - 2002
  This report contains the Railway Association of Canada's (RAC) Locomotive Emissions Monitoring (LEM) filing for 2002 under the terms of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between Environment Canada and the RAC, signed in 1995 and covering the period 1990-2005. Canada's railways have reduced fuel consumption by 0.5 percent since 1990 while increasing the revenue tonne-kilometers by 28.2 percent, demonstrating a steady improvement in the area of fuel efficiency and reducing atmospheric emissions per unit of tonnage hauled.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Locomotive Emissions Monitoring Programme 1998
  Data on the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of Canada's locomotive fleet are essential in assessing how different modes of transportation contribute to environmental problems such as smog and climate change. This report presents statistics on annual traffic volume and fuel consumption, and annual emissions of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, sulphur oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
  
  
• Locomotive Emissions Monitoring Programme 1999 and 2000
  This report presents statistics on annual traffic volume and fuel consumption, and annual emissions of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, sulphur oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Data show that Canada's railways handled more freight than forecast in 1999 and 2000 and recorded the industry's lowest levels of nitrogen oxide emissions since 1975.
  
  
• Locomotive Emissions Monitoring, Reporting Year 1995
  Data on the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of Canada's locomotive fleet are essential in assessing how different modes of transportation contribute to environmental problems such as smog and climate change. This report presents statistics on annual traffic volume and fuel consumption, and annual emissions of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, sulphur oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Locomotive Emissions Monitoring, Reporting Years 1996 and 1997
  Data on the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of Canada's locomotive fleet are essential in assessing how different modes of transportation contribute to environmental problems such as smog and climate change. This report presents statistics on annual traffic volume and fuel consumption, and annual emissions of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, sulphur oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Low Sulfur Fuels Procurement - Fact Sheet
  This fact sheet has been developed to provide materiel managers with information on opportunities for the procurement of low sulphur fuels (LSFs) for use in their organizations. It provides a checklist of suggested LSF procurement practices, a list of issues that may need to be addressed before implementing LSF purchasing initiatives, contracting recommendations, suggestions for estimating emissions reductions, and links to key sources of information.
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• Low Sulphur Diesel and Transit Bus Retrofits - Lessons Learned by the Region of Waterloo
  A report prepared by the Region of Waterloo Public Health Department in 2002, assessed the emissions impacts and costs of various policy options that could be adopted by the Region to reduce emissions associated with its corporate operations. Out of this process came three decisions. This fact sheet provides an account of steps taken by the Region of Waterloo to implement these decisions.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Low Sulphur Fuels Procurement Guide
  This guide was jointly developed by Environment Canada and Friends of the Earth to help municipal, provincial/territorial, and federal governments and other organizations take leadership for cleaner air by procuring low sulfur fuels (LSFs) where available and feasible. The guide consists of an overview of the environmental and health impacts of sulphur in fuels; a description of the benefits of using LSFs; information on regulations and standards for sulphur content in fuels.
  
  
• Method for the Measurement of Gaseous Emissions to the Atmosphere from Gas Turbines and Reciprocating Engines
  This is a technical manual and guide for testing and analyzing gas emissions from a turbine or reciprocating gas engine. It describes in detail the step-by-step procedures and requirements in the process of extracting, transporting and conditioning gas samples for treatment and analysis.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Montréal Protocol 1987-1997: Global Benefits and Costs of the Montréal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
  In this report, published scientific research is used to compare levels of ozone depletion with and without the Protocol. The effects on human health, fisheries, agriculture, and plastic building materials are assessed, and estimates are made of the financial implications, including the costs of converting away from ozone-depleting substances.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Air Quality in Canada: 2001 Summary and 1990-2001 Trend Analysis
  This report characterises air quality in 2001 across Canada using measurements from the National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) network. The report is intended to be a supplement to the NAPS Annual Data Summary for 2001 and illustrates geographical and temporal variations in pollutant concentrations across Canada. Trends in pollutants levels over the period 1990-2001 are also provided.
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Data Summary for 2002
  The National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network was established in 1969 as a joint program of the federal and provincial governments to monitor and assess the quality of the ambient air in Canadian urban centres. Air quality data for sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide,ozone and total suspended particulates are measured at over 152 stations in 55 cities in the ten provinces and two territories. Various statistics derived from the measurements and comparisons with the National Air Quality Objectives prescribed under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act are published in annual data reports.
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Data Summary for 2003
  measurements from the National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) network for the year 2003. Part I summarizes gaseous ambient air quality summary data for 2003 for sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide and ozone. Particulate matter (PM) data including PM _2.5 and PM₁₀ (particles with aerodynamic diameters of less than 2.5 and 10 micrometers respectively) for mass, lead and sulphate are also summarized.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1984.
  The NAPS network, a joint program of the federal, provincial, territorial and municipal governments, monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in Canada. The network covers all major urban centres. Measurements are reported for sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, soiling index, suspended particulate matter, lead, sulphate, and nitric oxide. Each summary is in two parts: the first presents data obtained during the year for the pollutants measured, and the second compares those data with the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives.
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1985.
  The NAPS network, a joint program of the federal, provincial, territorial and municipal governments, monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in Canada. The network covers all major urban centres. Measurements are reported for sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, soiling index, suspended particulate matter, lead, sulphate, and nitric oxide. Each summary is in two parts: the first presents data obtained during the year for the pollutants measured, and the second compares those data with the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1986.
  The NAPS network, a joint program of the federal, provincial, territorial and municipal governments, monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in Canada. The network covers all major urban centres. Measurements are reported for sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, soiling index, suspended particulate matter, lead, sulphate, and nitric oxide. Each summary is in two parts: the first presents data obtained during the year for the pollutants measured, and the second compares those data with the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1989.
  The NAPS network, a joint program of the federal, provincial, territorial and municipal governments, monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in Canada. The network covers all major urban centres. Measurements are reported for sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, soiling index, suspended particulate matter, lead, sulphate, and nitric oxide. Each summary is in two parts: the first presents data obtained during the year for the pollutants measured, and the second compares those data with the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1987.
  The NAPS network, a joint program of the federal, provincial, territorial and municipal governments, monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in Canada. The network covers all major urban centres. Measurements are reported for sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, soiling index, suspended particulate matter, lead, sulphate, and nitric oxide. Each summary is in two parts: the first presents data obtained during the year for the pollutants measured, and the second compares those data with the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1988.
  The NAPS network, a joint program of the federal, provincial, territorial and municipal governments, monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in Canada. The network covers all major urban centres. Measurements are reported for sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, soiling index, suspended particulate matter, lead, sulphate, and nitric oxide. Each summary is in two parts: the first presents data obtained during the year for the pollutants measured, and the second compares those data with the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1990.
  The NAPS network monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in 52 major urban centres and rural locations across the country. In support of the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives, measurements for the following pollutants are reported: sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and suspended particulate matter. In addition, lead, sulphate, nitric oxide, PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 and 2.5 microns) are also reported.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1991.
  The NAPS network monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in 52 major urban centres and rural locations across the country. In support of the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives, measurements for the following pollutants are reported: sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and suspended particulate matter. In addition, lead, sulphate, nitric oxide, PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 and 2.5 microns) are also reported.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1992.
  The NAPS network monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in 52 major urban centres and rural locations across the country. In support of the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives, measurements for the following pollutants are reported: sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and suspended particulate matter. In addition, lead, sulphate, nitric oxide, PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 and 2.5 microns) are also reported.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1993.
  The NAPS network monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in 52 major urban centres and rural locations across the country. In support of the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives, measurements for the following pollutants are reported: sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and suspended particulate matter. In addition, lead, sulphate, nitric oxide, PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 and 2.5 microns) are also reported.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1994.
  The NAPS network monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in 52 major urban centres and rural locations across the country. In support of the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives, measurements for the following pollutants are reported: sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and suspended particulate matter. In addition, lead, sulphate, nitric oxide, PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 and 2.5 microns) are also reported.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1995.
  The NAPS network monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in 52 major urban centres and rural locations across the country. In support of the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives, measurements for the following pollutants are reported: sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and suspended particulate matter. In addition, lead, sulphate, nitric oxide, PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 and 2.5 microns) are also reported.
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1996.
  The NAPS network monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in 52 major urban centres and rural locations across the country. In support of the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives, measurements for the following pollutants are reported: sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and suspended particulate matter. In addition, lead, sulphate, nitric oxide, PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 and 2.5 microns) are also reported.
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1997.
  The NAPS network monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in 52 major urban centres and rural locations across the country. In support of the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives, measurements for the following pollutants are reported: sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and suspended particulate matter. In addition, lead, sulphate, nitric oxide, PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 and 2.5 microns) are also reported.
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1998.
  The NAPS network monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in 52 major urban centres and rural locations across the country. In support of the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives, measurements for the following pollutants are reported: sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and suspended particulate matter. In addition, lead, sulphate, nitric oxide, PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 and 2.5 microns) are also reported.
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 1999.
  The NAPS network monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in Canada. In support of the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives, measurements for the following pollutants are reported: sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and suspended particulate matter. In addition, lead, sulphate, nitric oxide, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 are also reported. Since 1988, measurements of VOC (aromatics, aldehydes, and ketones) and semi-volatile organic compounds (PAHs, dioxins and furans) are carried out at 40 urban and rural locations in Canada. From 1997 on, the reports also include data on benzene.
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summaries for 2000.
  The NAPS network monitors and continually assesses the quality of ambient air in 52 major urban centres and rural locations across the country. In support of the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives, measurements for the following pollutants are reported: sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and suspended particulate matter. In addition, lead, sulphate, nitric oxide, PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 and 2.5 microns) are also reported.
  
  
• National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network - Annual Summary for 2001
  The National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network was established in 1969 as a joint program of the federal and provincial governments to monitor and assess the quality of the ambient air in Canadian urban centres. Air quality data for sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide,ozone and total suspended particulates are measured at over 152 stations in 55 cities in the ten provinces and two territories. Various statistics derived from the measurements and comparisons with the National Air Quality Objectives prescribed under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act are published in annual data reports.
  
  
• National Inventory of Sources and Emissions of Benzene (1985)
  The purpose of this report is to identify and quantify anthropogenic sources of atmospheric emissions of benzene in Canada for 1985. Emissions have been classified by source, sector, and province. Estimates are based on sampling data, process emission factors, and production figures. A brief summary of the sources and uses of benzene is included as well as a summary of the health effects of benzene. The methods used to estimate emissions and the accuracy of the data are described.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Inventory of Sources and Emissions of Manganese (1984)
  Estimates of the quantities of manganese released to the environment as emissions in 1984 are summarized in this report. Emissions have been classified by source, sector, and province. The data presented are estimates based on source testing data, process emission factors, and production figures. A brief summary of the sources and uses of manganese has been included as well as a summary of the health effects of manganese. The methods used to estimate emissions and the accuracy of the data recorded have been described.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Inventory Report: 1990-2004, Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada
  The current report includes an inventory of anthropogenic (human-induced) emissions by sources, and removals by sinks, of the six main GHGs not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. This report highlights some of the latest developments in the inventory, discusses underlying trends in the emissions, provides some international context, and presents provincial and territorial emissions for the period 1990-2004. The GHGs for which emissions and removals have been estimated in the national inventory are: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride, perfluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons.
  
  
• National Urban Air Quality Trends (1974-1983)
  These reports are part of a series on ambient air quality trends in Canada issued by Environment Canada. Trends in ambient air quality data collected through the National Air Pollution Surveillance Network are highlighted with significant changes indicated by statistical analysis.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Urban Air Quality Trends (1978-1987)
  These reports are part of a series on ambient air quality trends in Canada issued by Environment Canada. Trends in ambient air quality data collected through the National Air Pollution Surveillance Network are highlighted with significant changes indicated by statistical analysis.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• National Urban Air Quality Trends (1981-1990)
  These reports are part of a series on ambient air quality trends in Canada issued by Environment Canada. Trends in ambient air quality data collected through the National Air Pollution Surveillance Network are highlighted with significant changes indicated by statistical analysis.
  
  
• National Urban Air Quality Trends 1974-1981
  This report is part of a series on ambient air quality trends in Canada issued by Environment Canada. It determines trends in the ambient air quality data collected between 1974 and 1981 through the National Air Pollution Surveillance Network and highlights significant changes indicated by statistical and other forms of analysis.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Ozone Science: A Canadian Perspective on the Changing Ozone Layer
  Environment Canada scientists collaborated with colleagues from all over the world on this comprehensive look at stratospheric ozone depletion. Research, results and trends from a variety of sources are presented. A less technical summary document is also available.
  
  
• Protocols and Performance Specifications for Continuous Monitoring of Gaseous Emissions from Thermal Power Generation (Revised, 2005)
  This report provides specifications for the design, installation and operation of automated continuous emission monitoring (CEM) systems used to measure releases of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) from thermal power generating facilities. The procedures used to determine the various CEM system parameters during initial certification testing and subsequent long-term operation of the monitoring system are presented. (Revised edition)
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Providing Cleaner Air to Canadians
  This booklet outlines the actions that the Government of Canada will take to reduce emissions from vehicles and the fuels that power them, and to reduce pollution from industrial sources and products. It also provides details on steps to improve Canada's air quality monitoring networks.
  
  
• Recommended Reporting Requirements for the Locomotive Emissions Monitoring (LEM) Program - A Background Report
  This report discusses factors that affect locomotive emissions and selects parameters essential for assessing emissions accurately. It also presents recommendations for the annual data-reporting requirements for all Canadian railways and for the contents of the annual report.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Recreational Marine Vessel Fleet Profiles for Canada
  In order to support regulatory development and to assist in improving the national emissions inventory, Environment Canada requires data on recreational marine vessels for use with the United States Environmental Agency's (U.S. EPA) NONROAD model. This report includes a profile of the recreational vessel fleet in the Canadian Ship Registry, an overview of the methodology used to establish base year recreational marine equipment populations for use with the NONROAD program, a summary of the population distribution and a description of the NONROAD option file generation programs.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Review on How Farmers Can Reduce the Fuel Used by Mobile Farm Machinery: Final Report
  This report provides perspective on the potential fuel savings that might be achievable by Canadian farm operators of on-farm, off-road mobile machinery. The report: describes two model (hypothetical) Canadian farms; estimates baseline fuel consumption on those farms; investigates a range of potential fuel saving methods; and assesses the fuel savings that may be achievable. The report is based on extensive reviews of the literature, as well as contact with over forty government organizations, industry associations, and farm operators.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
  Stratospheric ozone protects life on Earth by filtering out biologically harmful wavelengths of ultraviolet (UV) radiation emanating from the sun. This fact sheet explains why ozone depletion is more severe over the Earth's poles, what are the causes of ozone depletion, and what is being done about the problem.
  
  
• Summaries of Studies Related to the Review of New Motor Vehicle Emission Standards
  The effects of automotive emissions were reviewed for Environment Canada as part of the Socio-economic Impact Analysis of the proposed revision to the Canadian New Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emission Standards. This report investigates the following pollutants related to automobile emissions: carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, photochemical oxidants, hydrocarbons, and diesel exhaust particulate. The effect of the nitrate component of acid rain, formed from nitrogen oxides, is also reviewed.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Survey of Benzene and Aromatics in Canadian Gasoline - 1994
  Benzene, a known carcinogen, is found in gasoline. In Canada, emissions from gasoline-powered vehicles account for most of the benzene released into the atmosphere. Environment Canada, with the help of refiners and importers, compiled a comprehensive database of the benzene and aromatics levels of gasoline produced in or imported into Canada during 1994. The results show that benzene and aromatics levels differ regionally and seasonally. The report also reveals considerable variation in benzene and aromatics levels between batches of gasoline produced at any one refinery.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Taking Action on Persistent Organic Pollutants POPs
  Persistent organic pollutants, also known as POPs, are part of the clean air challenge all over the world and are the subject of a UN protocol to set a global agreement. This pamphlet explains what POPs are, how they travel around the globe, some of the science and an overview of Canadian and international action on POPs.
  
  
• The 1999 Review of Acid Rain Science Programs in Canada - A report prepared to meet the requirements of The Canada-Wide Acid Rain Strategy for Post-2000
  This report presents the status of federal, provincial, and territorial acid rain science and monitoring programs, as required under the terms of the 1998 Canada-Wide Acid Rain Strategy for Post-2000. The report reviews the objectives of the acid rain science program, assesses whether existing programs are adequate to meet the requirements of the acid rain Strategy, and makes recommendations for future action.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• The Atmospheric Pathway for Oxides of Nitrogen
  Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen can lead to acidification of the environment at locations well removed from the original sources of these pollutants. The physical and chemical processes affecting nitrogen oxides during atmospheric transport are described.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• The Canada - United States Air Quality Agreement: 2000 Progress Report
  This is the fifth Progress Report highlighting the commitments Canada and the United States made under the 1991 Air Quality Agreement to address transboundary air pollution. The report details the continued progress of both governments in addressing acid rain, and also focuses on cooperative efforts to reduce ground-level ozone and particulate matter (PM) pollution.
  
  
• The Canada - United States Air Quality Agreement: 2002 Progress Report
  The 2002 Progress Report is the sixth report under the 1991 Canada-U.S. Air Quality Agreement and the first to address new requirements under the Ozone Annex (Annex III), signed by Canada and the United States in Washington in December 2000. This report highlights actions undertaken by Canada and the United States in the last two years to address transboundary air pollution under the Agreement-namely, acid rain and ground-level ozone.
  
  
• The Canada - United States Air Quality Agreement: 2004 Progress Report
  While building upon previous progress reports, this 2004 progress report reviews key actions taken by the United States and Canada in the last two years to address transboundary air pollution under the 1991 United States-Canada Air Quality Agreement. It also covers each country's progress in achieving the requirements of Annex 1 - the Acid Rain Annex. In addition, this report specifically focuses on actions taken by each country to meet new requirements under Annex 3 - the Ozone Annex.
  
  
• The Canadian Stratospheric Ozone Primer
  The report covers the history of our knowledge about ozone depletion, its causes, possible solutions, and what Canada is doing in response to the threat of ozone loss. It explains the disturbing potential consequences of ozone destruction, as well as the challenges Canada and other countries must face to fully support ozone protection programs.
  
  
• The Government of Canada's Interim Plan 2001 on Particulate Matter and Ozone
  The Interim Plan 2001 on Particulate Matter and Ozone outlines the Government's activities on reducing emissions, the science behind policy decisions to protect the health of Canadians from toxic air pollutants, the clean air activities within government, and the programs to engage Canadians to take action at home and in their communities.
  
  
• The State of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emission Inspection and Maintenance in Canada and the United States - Final Report
  This report describes the heavy-duty diesel vehicle (HDDV) inspection and maintenance programs currently in force in North America, and discusses issues related to quality control, costs, personnel training, and program implementation. The report focuses on emissions of particulate matter from HDDVs.
  
  
• Tools of the Trade - A Guide to Designing and Operating a Cap and Trade Program for Pollution Control
  This guidebook is intended as a reference for policymakers and regulators considering cap and trade as a policy tool to control pollution. It is intended to be sufficiently generic to apply to various pollutants and environmental concerns; however, it emphasizes cap and trade to control emissions produced from stationary source combustion. In the United States, SO₂ and NO_x are controlled with cap and trade programs. These programs program provide many illustrative examples that are described within this document.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  
• Towards More Innovative Air Quality Management: Proposals for a Pulp and Paper Air Quality Forum. Smart Regulations Report from the Forest Products Association of Canada and Environment Canada
  In fall 2003, the Forest Products Association of Canada (FPAC) and Environment Canada launched an exploratory project to examine options for "smarter regulation" to manage pulp and paper mill air emissions in Canada. This report is the outcome of this exploratory smart regulations project. This report is intended to stimulate a broader dialogue with provinces, industry, the federal government, Aboriginal peoples and environmental and health communities on the creation of a Pulp and Paper Air Quality Forum.
  
  
• Trends in GHG Sources and Sinks in Canada, 1990-2004
  This overview document presents the latest information on Canadian GHG emissions and removals derived from the most recent national inventory. In 2004, Canadians contributed about 758 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO₂ eq) of GHGs to the atmosphere, an increase of 0.6% over the 754 Mt recorded in the year 2003. This is considerably less than the 3.9% increase that occurred between 2002 and 2003. Canada's economic GHG intensity - the amount of GHGs emitted per unit of economic activity, or total GHG emissions divided by gross domestic product (GDP) - was 2.6% lower in 2004 than in 2003.
  
  
• Trucks and Air Emissions
  Trucks play a key role in many aspects of Canadian society and are important in maintaining our standard of living. This report provides essential information on trucks and their emissions in Canada. It describes emission control programs in North America and elsewhere, and it outlines the new technologies, alternative fuels and operational advances that will result in reduced pollution and cleaner air for Canadians.
  
  
• Urban Air Quality
  This publication shows the average level of air pollutants in Canadian cities and the trends over the past 20 years through the presentation of statistical and scientific information. Charts examine the smog corridors and show air quality objectives.
  
  
• Wood Heating and... Atmospheric Pollution
  This fact sheet looks at heating by wood and the impact it can have on the environment. Anyone heating with a wood stove, or considering it, would be interested in the tips offered by this publication.
  Available from Environment Canada Selected Publications (1-800-734-3232)
  
  

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