Priority Substances List - Statement of the Science Report for Ethylene Glycol

Environment Canada
Health Canada
2000

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Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999

Table of Contents

• List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
• Synopsis
• 1.0 Introduction
• 2.0 Summary of Critical Information
  • 2.1 Identity and physical/chemical properties
  • 2.2 Entry characterization
    • 2.2.1 Production, importation and uses
    • 2.2.2 Sources and releases
      • 2.2.2.1 Natural sources
      • 2.2.2.2 Anthropogenic sources
        • 2.2.2.2.1 Industrial point sources
        • 2.2.2.2.2 Other sources
  • 2.3 Exposure characterization
    • 2.3.1 Environmental fate
      • 2.3.1.1 Air
      • 2.3.1.2 Water
      • 2.3.1.3 Soil and Sediment
      • 2.3.1.4 Environmental partitioning
    • 2.3.2 Environmental concentrations
      • 2.3.2.1 Ambient air
      • 2.3.2.2 Indoor air
      • 2.3.2.3 Drinking water
      • 2.3.2.4 Surface water and groundwater
      • 2.3.2.5 Soil, sediment and Biota
      • 2.3.2.6 Food
      • 2.3.2.7 Consumer products
• 2.4 Effects characterization
  • 2.4.1 Ecotoxicology
    • 2.4.1.1 Direct effects
      • 2.4.1.1.1 Microorganisms
      • 2.4.1.1.2 Plants
      • 2.4.1.1.3 Invertebrates
      • 2.4.1.1.4 Fish
      • 2.4.1.1.5 Amphibians
      • 2.4.1.1.6 Mammals and birds
    • 2.4.1.2 Indirect effects
  • 2.4.2 Abiotic atmospheric effects
  • 2.4.3 Experimental animals and in vitro
    • 2.4.3.1 Acute toxicity
    • 2.4.3.2 Irritation and sensitization
    • 2.4.3.3 Short-term and subchronic repeated dose toxicity
    • 2.4.3.4 Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity
    • 2.4.3.5 Genotoxicity
    • 2.4.3.6 Reproductive and developmental toxicity
    • 2.4.3.7 Neurological effects and effects on the immune system
    • 2.4.3.8 Toxicokinetics and mode of action
  • 2.4.4 Humans
• 3.0 Risk Characterization
  • 3.1 Environment
    • 3.1.1 General Considerations
    • 3.1.2 Environmental risk characterization
      • 3.1.2.1 Aquatic biota - direct effects
        • 3.1.2.1.1 Algae
        • 3.1.2.1.2 Amphibians
        • 3.1.2.1.3 Concluding discussion
      • 3.1.2.2 Aquatic biota - indirect effects
      • 3.1.2.3 Uncertainty and recommendations
        • 3.1.2.3.1 Direct effects
        • 3.1.2.3.2 Indirect effects
• 3.2 Environment upon which life depends
• 3.3 Human health
  • 3.3.1 Estimated population exposure
  • 3.3.2 Hazard characterization
    • 3.3.2.1 Carcinogenicity
    • 3.3.2.2 Non-neoplastic effects
  • 3.3.3 Exposure-response analyses
    • 3.3.3.1 Oral exposure
    • 3.3.3.2 Inhalation
    • 3.3.3.3 Dermal exposure
  • 3.3.4 Uncertainties and recommendations
• 4.0 References
• Appendix A Search Strategies Employed for Identification of Relevant Data
• Appendix B: Justification for Generic Dilution factors
• Appendix C. Management of Ethylene Glycol at Canadian Airports

List of Tables

• Table 1 Chemical and physical properties of ethylene glycol
• Table 2 Estimate of quantities of ethylene glycol released, by compartment
• Table 3 Concentrations of ethylene glycol sampled at selected monitoring stations of Canadian airports for the 1997/98 and 1998/99 deicing seasons
• Table 4 Summary statistics of concentrations of ethylene glycol in stormwater of Canadian airports .
• Table 5 Concentration of ethylene glycol in groundwater sampled at Canadian airports
• Table 6 Deterministic estimates of upper-bounding daily intakes for adults by dermal absorption from consumer products
• Table 7 Summary statistics of maximum stormwater effluent concentrations of ethylene glycol measured at individual airports for months of March and April from 1996 to 1999
• Table 8 Direct toxicity risk quotients for exposure of algae to ethylene glycol
• Table 9 Direct toxicity risk quotients for exposure of amphibians to ethylene glycol
• Table 10 Canadian water quality guidelines for dissolved oxygen
• Table 11 Indirect toxicity risk quotients for exposure of aquatic biota to ethylene glycol
• Table 12 Deterministic estimates of worst-case daily intakes of ethylene glycol for a highly exposed population in the immediate vicinity of an industrial point source
• Table 13 Deterministic estimates of reasonable worst-case daily intakes of ethylene glycol from ingestion of foods
• Table 14 Incidence of renal lesions in male rats administered ethylene glycol for 2 years
• Table 15 Benchmark Doses (BMD₀₅s) for effects on the kidney in male rats
• Table 16 Additional analyses of Benchmark Doses for renal effects in rats

List of Figures

• Figure 1 Chemical structure of ethylene glycol
• Figure 2 Distribution of concentrations of ethylene glycol (mg/L) in stormwater of Canadian airports over two deicing seasons (1997/98 and 1998/99)
• Figure 3 BMD₀₅s based on various renal lesions in male rats
• Figure 4 BMD₀₅s based on total animals with tubular damage
• Figure 5 Location of major airports under the National Airports System (NAS) in Canada