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Genealogy
ENRICH YOUR GENEALOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
- Terry Punch -
Genealogy spills over in all sorts of directions. To show a few of those not quite peripheral interests, here are four recent publications/CDs which could help you to learn more or to involve others in what you are doing.
1. Health Issues: Dr. F. Clarke Fraser is professor emeritus of McGill University in Montréal. His recent book, Know Your Family Tree; Your Genealogy Affects Your Health, distils in easily understood form the influence of our genetic inheritance upon many aspects of ourselves: health, appearance, inherited traits. It sells for $12.95 (US), and you can contact the publisher at www.iuniverse.com
2. British Isles: Bryan Sykes is professor human genetics at Oxford University. His previous general works include The Seven Daughters of Eve, concerning the mitochondrial genetic make up of Europe and the near East, and Adam's Curse, which deals with the Y-chromosome and where the human race may be heading. His new book, Saxons, Vikings, and Celts; the Genetic Roots of Britain and Ireland (W. W. Norton & Company), presents the eye-opening results of DNA surveys carried out across the British Isles. You may view the detailed results of this survey at www.bloodoftheisles.net
3. Placing the Ancestral Home: Britain's decennial census, that taken in 1881, provided the raw material for The British 19th Century Surname Atlas. You can find out the number and distribution of every surname in Scotland, England, Wales, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands, by county and often more locally than that. You can easily print off multicoloured distribution maps, with or without numerical key. Forenames can be tracked the same way. I am often asked where such-and-such a name comes from, and for the listed countries, here is the answer you may have been looking for. Find out details at www.archersoftware.co.uk
4. Recruiting Genealogists; Infect your younger relatives with the genealogy bug and get a copy of Susan Provost Beller's roots for kids; A Genealogy Guide for Young People, 2nd edition, into their hands. Available from Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore www.genealogical.com
There are new publications coming out all the time. Anyone who is sincerely involved in genealogy or local history can enhance his or her knowledge and affirm that their quest is worthwhile by owning or at least reading the emerging literature. Knowing what you are doing is always better if you understand how it fits into a broader picture. These publication and others like them help us to make the connections we seek, sometimes in directions we hadn't thought to explore.
*<>*<*>*<*>*<*>*
For information on miners who died on the job in Nova Scotia
A page dedicated to Atlantic Canadian fishermen and mariners lost at sea, and to their families and survivors
SCOTLAND: GENEALOGICAL ADDRESSES
<> T.M. Punch, FRSAI
(List updated 24 July 2006)
General Register Office, New Register House, 3 West Register St., Edinburgh Scotland EH1 3YT
[They hold vital records for Scotland from 1855 on.]
National Library of Scotland, George IV Bridge, Edinburgh, Scotland EH1 1EW.
Scots Ancestry Research Society, 8 York Rd., Edinburgh, Scotland EH5 3EH.
Scottish Genealogy Society, 15 Victoria Terrace, Edinburgh, Scotland EH1 2JL.
Scottish Association of Family History Societies, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 2HN,
Attn: Mr. Alan J.L. Macleod, Hon. Secretary
BOOKS ABOUT SCOTTISH MATTERS
- Dr. Terrence M. Punch, FRSAI -
SURNAMES
Black, George Fraser. The Surnames of Scotland, Their Origins, Meaning and History.
New York: New York Public Library, 1946, 1962.
Dorward, David. Scottish Surnames. Glasgow: Harper Collins Publishers, 1995.
Scots Kith and Kin, 2nd. ed. Edinburgh: Clan House, n.d.
The Scottish Tartans, 2nd. ed. Edinburgh: W. & A.K. Johnston & G.W. Bacon Ltd., 1945.
Whyte, Donald. Scottish Surnames, 2nd. ed. Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, 2000.
GENEALOGY GUIDES
Cory, Kathleen B. Tracing Your Scottish Ancestry, 3rd. ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 2004.
Goldie, Douglas Bruce. In Search of Hamish McBagpipes; A concise guide to Scottish Genealogy. Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, Inc., 1992.
James, Alwyn. Scottish Roots; A step-by-step guide for Ancestor-hunters in Scotland and overseas. Loanhead, Scotland: Macdonald Publishers, 1981.
Moody, David. Scottish Family History. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1988.
EMIGRATION
Bumsted, J. M. The People's Clearance 1770 - 1815. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 1982.
Campey, Lucille H. After the Hector; The Scottish Pioneers of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton 1773 - 1852. Toronto: Natural Heritage Books, 2004.
Dobson, David. Ships from Scotland to America 1628 - 1828, 3 volumes. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1998, 2002, 2004
Whyte, Donald. A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to Canada before Confederation, 3 volumes. Toronto: The Ontario Genealogical Society, 1986, 1995, 2002.
GENEALOGY & COPYRIGHT <> Terry Punch
With the use of the Internet by genealogists, issues of copyright and citing of sources arise. Much on-line data is not sourced, meaning that whoever posted it does not know where the data came from, or they have neglected to supply this information. It may be the work of someone not credited by the person putting it on-line, and could infringe someone's copyright or intellectual property rights.
Copyright - a legal device that provides the creator of a work of art or literature, or a work that conveys information or ideas, the right to control how the work is used (Stephen Fishman, The Copyright Handbook: How to protect & Use Written Works, 8th ed., Berkeley, CA: Nolo Press, 2005).
Fair Dealing (Canada) /Fair Use (US) - the privilege of quoting or using partof a copyrighted work without the author's permission. Some portion of such work may be quoted in a review or criticism provided that the author/performer/maker/broadcaster, plus the title of the work are mentioned (Rev. Statutes 1997, c. 24, s. 18).
Public Domain - Anything not protected by copyright and free for anyone to use. In US, anything pub-lished prior to 1923, or before 1963 if no proper notice of copyright attached. In Canada, copyright is for the life of the author, plus fifty years (Rev. Statutes 1993, c. 44, s. 58), so the writings of an author who died before 1955 may be in the public domain.
Electronic Rights - These afford copyright protection for Internet, e-books, e-newsletters, websites, CD-ROMs, DVDs, archival databases and interactive software.
For Canadian copyright information-laws.justice.gc.ca/en/C-42
For US information visit -templetons.com/brad/copymyths.html.
You become the copyright holder as soon as you put a family history, client report, article or notes for a lecture in a fixed or tangible form, whether paper, website, CD, DVD, AV tape, etc. Your material (book, map, diary, newspaper, manuscript, letter, e-mail, computer program, electronic database) is protected. Not protected are ideas, facts and research data as such (only the form you put them - their creative expression, including a website - is covered), names, slogans, titles (unless trademarked), and anything in the public domain. You should assume that information you find on the Internet is protected by copyright. To get permission to use copyrighted material, contact publishers of books, authors of self-published books, editors of journals. For Internet material, look for a link that says "Contact us", or seek a link for the owner or webmaster.
I have relied on three published items for much of this information:
* Sharon DeBartolo Cormack, Cormack's Guide to Copyright & Contracts (Baltimore, 2005). See in particular chapters 1 (Copyright Basics) and 2 (Fair Use, the Public Domain, and Seeking Permission).
* Elizabeth Shown Mills, ed., Professional Genealogy; A Manual for Researchers, Writers, Editors, Lecturers and Librarians (Baltimore, 2001). Two articles of relevance here are Val D. Greenwood, "Copyright and Fair Use" (pp. 123-138), and Neil D. Thompson, "Ethical Standards" (pp. 85-100).
* Elizabeth Shown Mills, Citing Online Historical Resources; Evidence! Style (Baltimore, 2005). This is a laminated "quick sheet'' which gives the basic principles, templates and models for common record types.
You may learn how to obtain any of these sources at genealogical.com
REMEMBER 4 THINGS:
1. Ask permission to use the work of others
2. Cite your sources in your work
3. Don't accept as fact unsourced on-line data from others
4. Copyright law in the US and Canada has the same intent, but differs on the particulars.
ANTECEDENTS OF SANTA CLAUS
We all know the jolly fat man in the red suit, trimmed in white fur. He shakes when he laughs, "like a bowl full of jelly". He managed with eight tiny reindeer, ever since Clement Moore's 'Twas the Night Before Christmas said so, in 1822. Modern smog conditions led Santa to add a ninth reindeer to his team. Toys, games and sports equipment form the bulk of Santa's cargo nowadays, an expensive replacement for the fruit and candy which excited kids in earlier times.
Depending on the country's language and traditions, Santa travels alone or with assorted companions, some nice, some not. Black Peter (zwarte Piet) in the Netherlands, Knecht Rupprecht in the Black Forest, père Fouettard in Alsace-Lorraine, Julebuck in Scandinavia, or Krampus in Hungary nasty prying, tormenting little characters on the lookout for kids who haven't been good. The Swiss like to announce Santa's arrival with Schnutzlis, or trumpeters. Santa-shaped brioches known as mannala or speculatius/speculaas cookies are made.
But Santa, our lord bountiful, did not spring into existence one day at a sales meeting. Like all of us, he has a past. Our words 'Santa Claus' are from the Dutch Sinter Klaas, or, if you'd rather, from the German Sankt Klaus. Either way, he is Saint Nicholas, and is he patron of a crowd. I find him mentioned in that role for children, mariners, judges, bankers, scholars, orphans, labourers, travellers, merchants, paupers, young single women, students, captives, perfumiers, and for those wrongfully convicted. It would take an hour to recount the various myths and folk tales which support each of these attributions. As well, Greece, Russia, Galway, Liège, Freiburg, among other places, claim him as their protector.
But, who was Nicholas to begin with? He was born at Parara in Lycia which is a district of modern Turkey on the Gulf of Antalya, facing Cyprus in the Mediterranean, and ended up as bishop of Myra, the modern Demre, not far from his birthplace. He died on 6 December, his feast day, in either 345 or 352 A.D. He acquired a reputation for practical kindness. Whether he dowered three poor maidens or not, the story typifies popular opinion of the man. Certainly in Germanic Europe, Romania and several Slavic countries, the 6th of December is the day the children put out footwear in hopes of receiving treats from the loving saint. Seven centuries after Nicholas died, Italian merchants took his remains from Myra to Bari on the Adriatic where, each May, a parade of boats follows the saint's relics out of the harbour and invokes his blessing on the vessels and all who sail in them.
Some Irish tell a different story. Near the site of Jerpoint Abbey in County Kilkenny there is a grave slab showing St. Nicholas and the heads of the two Norman Irish Crusaders who were alleged to have brought his remains back to Ireland with them. Bill Watkins even wrote a verse about it.
Here's one stanza:
Devout wayfarer, cease your search
For in Kilkenny's ancient church
St. Nicholas' sepulchre is found
Enshrined in Ireland's holy ground.
Santa is sometimes called Kris Kringle which derives from the German word Christkindl (Christ child). Dress Nicholas in furs and you get the German word Pelz-Nickel, which also gets mixed up with Kris Kringle. Some German-settled areas, such as Pennsylvania and Lunenburg had a Christmastime tradition of going from house to house and being treated. It was called Belsnickling. One little German verse runs,
Niklaus, Niklaus, huckepack,
Schenk uns was aus deinem Sack.
Schütte deine Scahen aus.
Gute Kinder sind im Haus.
The gist of this is that Nicholas should empty out his sack because we're good children in this house.
Want to learn more about St. Nicholas, a.k.a. Santa Claus, a.k.a. "Nick the Greek" ? Try these sites:
www.stcharleschristmas.com
www.stnicholascenter.org
www.newadvent.org
ANCESTORS AT WAR
11 November Terry Punch
War is the ultimate evidence of humanity's inability to live with itself. Otherwise decent people are obliged to kill for a cause. Few, if any, of us have not some ancestors who were soldiers or sailors during a time of conflict.This is Remembrance Day and we remember our veterans and our war dead, but in 2005 these are the participants in World War Two and the Korean War. But genealogists find members of the armed forces further back in their family trees.
World War One (1914-1918); the South African, or Boer, War (1899-1902); the Crimean War (1853-1856); the War of 1812 (1812-1815); the Napoleonic Wars and the wars against the French Revolution (much of 1792-1815); the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783); the Seven Years' War (1756-1763); wars against France and/or Spain between 1600 and 1748; and these are just the conflicts that involved Canada or people who lived in what is now Canada. Americans share that history until 1783, after which a series of frontier wars, the Mexican-American War, the Civil War, the war in Tripoli, the Spanish-American War, etc., took place. The US Civil War involved thousands of young men from our region, mainly, but not entirely, fighting for the Union., or northern, side. Our people have worn the uniforms of France, Britain, Canada and the US.
Client Services and Communications Branch, National Archives of Canada, 395 Wellington Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N3, or at www.archives.ca holds military records from the Boer War up to the Korean War (1898-1953), and some earlier muster rolls and pay lists. For records after 1914, records are not open to public search. But if you are a veteran or are a proven descendant of a member of one of our armed forces, the NAC will answer many of your enquiries. Before 1898 (Army) a Canadian was more likely to have served as part of a militia unit, and to 1909 (Navy) in the Royal Navy. Militia records may be held either in Ottawa or -prior to 1867 - in the relevant province. In Nova Scotia, for instance, the Public Archives groups these records in RG 22.
Records of members of the British or Imperial services should be sought from the Public Records Office, Ruskin Avenue, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England, TW9 4DU or at www.open.gov.uk/pro/prohome Army records form series WO, those of the Royal Navy comprise series ADM
Websites
British Empire & Commonwealth Land Forces
Bob's P.R.O. searches
British military records
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission
Soldiers of the First World War (1914-1918)
Books
! Catholics of the Diocese of Antigonish, NS, And the War 1914-1919, with Nominal Enlistment Rolls by Parishes. Antigonish, 1919.
! Crocker, Robert D. They Were Here: The British Army On Our Island 1785-1853Sydney, 2000.
! Crowder, Norman K. British Army pensioners Abroad, 1772-1899. Baltimore, 1995.
! DeMarce,Virginia. German Military Settlers in Canada after the american revolution Arlington, VA., 1984.
! Fighting for Freedom: Honour Roll of Halifax. Halifax, 1919.
! Fowler, Simon. Army records for Family Historians. London, 1992.
! Fryer, Mary Beacock, and William A. Smy. Rolls of the Provincial (Loyalist) Corps, Canadian Command American Revolutionary Period. Toronto, 1981.
! Herber, Mark D. Ancestral Trails; the Complete Guide to British Genealogy and Family History. Baltimore, 1998, pp. 314-353.
! Hopkins, J. Castell, & Murat Halstead. South Africa and the Boer-British War. Toronto, 1900. [pp. 831-856 list the Canadian contingents.]
! Hunt, M. Stuart. Nova Scotia's Part in the Great War. Halifax, 1920.
! Johnson, Daniel F. The American Civil War: The Service Records of Atlantic Canadians With the State of Maine Volunteers. Saint John, 1995.
! Kitzmiller, John M. In Search of the "Forlorn Hope": A Comprehensive Guide to Locating British Regiments and Their Records. Salt Lake City, 1988.
! Merz, Johannes Helmut, and Terrence M. Punch. The Hessians of Nova Scotia. Hamilton, 1994, 1997.
! Quigley, John Gordon. A Century of Rifles 1860-1960: The Halifax Rifles (RCAC)(M) Halifax, 1960.
! Rodger, N.A.M. Naval Records for Genealogists. London, 1984.
! Reid, Judith Prowse. Genealogical Research in England's Public Record Office; A Guide for North Americans. Baltimore, 1996, pp. 65-73.
! Ruck, Calvin W. The Black Battalion 1916-1920: Canada's Best Kept Military Secret. Halifax, 1987.
! Thomas, Garth. Records of the Royal Marines. London, 1994.
! War Office Regular Army: Soldiers' Documents 1760-1913 (WO 97). London, 1983.
! Watt, Michael J. My Ancestor Was in the British Army: How Can I Find Out More About Him? London, 1992.
Articles
! Campbell, Joan P., "The Scottish Rifles." The Nova Scotia Genealogist, VII: 2 (1989). [Pages 68-69 list militiamen stationed in Halifax in 1859.]
! Punch, Terrence M. "Defending Halifax in 1793: Hants to the Rescue. The NSG, VII:3 (1989). [Pages 114-116 list the members of the Hants County militia companies.]
! ____. "Acadians of Clare, 1808." NSG, VI: 3 (1988) [Pages 20-21 list Clare militia.]
! ____. "Officers in the Nova Scotia Volunteers, 1783. Genealogical Newsletter of the Genealogical Association, 40 (1982), pages 71-72.
SUMMER READING FOR GENEALOGISTS
Genealogy may be no more than collecting names and dates and sticking them into the right slots in a computerized program to keep the record straight. Then again, it can be a sophisticated study of a family or a community in a wider context. To help you learn about the rich background, here are a dozen suggestions for reading that both delivers information and stretches the horizons.
SCIENCE MEETS THE FAMILY HISTORIAN:
1. Myra Vanderpool Gormley, "Family Diseases; Are You at Risk ?" Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1989. [Ever heard of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus? Huntingdon's chorea? Neimann-Pick Disease ? Fabry's disease? Sickle Cell anaemia? Not cheery reading, but it will interest those doing family medical histories to read these 166 pages.]
2. Emily Marlin, "Genograms : The New Tool for Exploring the Personality, Career, and Love Patterns You Inherit". Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1989. [152 pages of advice for tracking family health history].
3. Thomas H. Shawker, "Unlocking Your Genetic History". Nashville: Rutledge Hill Press, 2004. [A larger and newer look at your family's medical and genetic heritage, written by a medical doctor who even tells how to draw a medical pedigree using Microsoft Word XP.]
4. Bryan Sykes, "Adam's Curse: A Future Without Men". New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2004. [An Oxford University geneticist discusses the Y-chromosome and raises some interesting speculation about such things as whether one day there will no longer be males, whether there is a 'gay' chromosome, etc.
5. Bryan Sykes, "The Seven Daughters of Eve : the Science that Reveals our Genetic Ancestry". New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2001. [Mitochondrial DNA - a mother's gift to her children - is traced back by a geneticist to about 14 women, seven of them the Ur-mothers of the Caucasian peoples. A good read.]
ONE IN MANY, AND MANY IN ONE:
6. David Hackett Fischer, "Albion's Seed : Four British Folkways in America". New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. [Among the British settlers in colonial America were four quite distinct ways of doing/thinking/being. A reader will be fascinated by the wealth of detail in this book: Puritan Anglians to New England, gentry from south-western England to Virginia, the Friends from the Midlands to the Delaware Valley, and North British and Ulstermen to the back country. Some of each came to the Maritimes as Loyalists, joining New England Planters. A wonderfully interesting, large book.]
7. Alex Shoumatoff, "The Mountain of Names : A History of the Human Family" New York: Vintage Books, 1990. [This paperback shows how the human race forms a unity within its apparent diversity, just as the Fischer book demonstrates the variations within what seems to be a single origin. A beautiful tale.]
8. Robert M. Taylor, Jr., & Ralph S. Crandall, eds. "Generations and Change: Genealogical Perspectives in Social History". Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1986. [If you doubt genealogy's academic legitimacy, this book may change your mind with essays on inter-ethnic marriage and migration.]
9. Stuart A. Queen et al., eds. "The Family in Various Cultures", 5th ed. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1985. [The authors discuss the structure, cycle, controls and functions of families in different times and places, showing us that "the family" is not a static, but a dynamic, entity throughout history.]
IN PLACE AND GOING PLACES:
10. Ronald Fletcher, ed. "In a Country Churchyard". London: Paladin Grafton Books, 1980. [What could be more 'rooted'than being buried in a cemetery? This collection of stories about people buried in English graveyards bursts with human interest. Perhaps it will inspire some author to go to Maritimes burying spots and do likewise.]
11. Rowland Parker, "The Common Stream". London: Paladin Grafton Books, 1975. [A jewel of a book, it tells the story of a place with reference to a small stream. Roman times, the Middle Ages, the beginnings of industrialization, all are here, but there is an interplay between people and place that will keep you turning the pages. Also the author supplies all sorts of tidbits: wages in 1811, food and drink for harvesters (included 9 pints of strong beer), church court records from the 1600s, manorial transgressions of one man in the 1500s, those fined for acts such as fornication in the 1300s.]
12. Marianne S. Wokeck, "Trade in Strangers : The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America". University Park, PA The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. [A detailed, but very readable explanation of the development of the emigrant trade between the Old World and the New during the eighteenth century. Many NS references.]
Black History in the Maritimes: Some Reading Suggestions Terry Punch & David States for CBC Maritime Noon, 2005
Ball, Malcolm, Jr. Major Butler's Legacy: Five Generations of a Slaveholding Family. Athens and London, 1987.
Boyd, Frank Stanley, Jr., ed. McKerrow; A Brief History of Blacks in Nova Scotia (1783-1895). Halifax, 1976.
Bullard, Mary. Black Liberation on Cumberland Island in 1815. n.p., 1983.
Clairmont, Donald H., and Dennis W. Magill. Nova Scotia Blacks: An Historical and Structural Overview. Halifax, 1970.
Clairmont, Donald H., and Dennis William Magill. Africville: The Life and Death of a Canadian BlackCommunity. Toronto, 1974.
Erickson, Paul A., 'Saga of Africville,' Historic North end Halifax. Halifax, 2004, 127-144.
Fergusson, C. B. A Documentary Study of the Establishment of the Negroes in Nova Scotia between the War of 1812 and the Winning of Responsible Government. Halifax, 1948.
Fergusson, Charles Bruce, ed. Clarkson's Mission to America 1791-1792. Halifax, 1971.
Grant, John N. The Immigration & Settlement of the Black Refugees of the War of 1812 in Nova Scotia & New Brunswick. Hantsport, 1990.
Grant, John N. Black Nova Scotians. Halifax, 1980.
Henry, Frances. Forgotten Canadians: The Blacks of Nova Scotia. Don Mills, 1973. New York and London, 1996.
Hornby, Jim. Black Islanders. Charlottetown, 1991.
Pachai, Bridglal. Peoples of the Maritimes: Blacks. Tantallon, 1987.
Pulis, John W., ed. Moving On: Black Loyalists in the Afro-American World. New York and London, 1999.
Ruck, Calvin. Canada's Black Battalion: No. 2 Construction Battalion 1916-1920. Halifax, 1986.
Smith, T.Watson, 'The Slave in Canada,' Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, X (1899), 3-161.
Spray, W. A. The Blacks in New Brunswick. Fredericton, 1972.
Spray, William, 'The Settlement of the Black Refugees in New Brunswick, 1815-1836,' Acadiensis, VI (1977), 64-79.
Walker, James W. St. G. The Black Loyalists; The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone 1783-1870. New York, 1976.
Whitehead, Ruth Holmes. The Shelburne Black Loyalists: A Short Biography of All Blacks Emigrating to Shelburne County, Nova Scotia, after the American Revolution 1783. Halifax, 2000.
Wilson, Ellen Gibson. The Loyal Blacks. New York, 1976.
Winks, Robin W. The Blacks in Canada; A History. New Haven, 1971.
Withrow, Alfreda, 'Blacks,' Nova Scotia's Ethnic Roots. Halifax, 2002 , 97-107.
Making An Ahnentafel
We of German heritage are stereotyped as hyperefficient types, and sometimes we are. One of the more effective and easy-to-understand techniques of presenting lineage is the Ahnentafel, the ancestor table. It makes a good winter project to produce one of these listings.
All that you need to remember is that the number of ancestors you have doubles in each generation, even if some of the same individuals turn up more than once. The number of different ancestors may not double, but each person in your ancestry had two parents, so if anyone repeats, you slot them into the lineup in their proper order along with everyone else.
How to make an Ahnentafel
Once you have done this, you will start to notice two features which will help you to keep everything straight:
a) All the people with even numbers from "2" onwards will be male fore-bears, and those with odd numbers from "3" up will be female ancestors.
b) When you double any number, the person at the higher number is the father of the person at the number you doubled. Double a number and add one and you find that person's mother.
By skipping a line at the end of each generation (after lines 1,3,7,15, 31, 63, 127, 255,...), you can readily see how far back you are. Some folks draw a line after each generation for greater clarity.
Sample Ahnentafel
1, Marcus J. Bumptious, b. 1944 Halifax, NS
2. Augustus M. Bumptious, b. 1915 Halifax, NS, d. 2001 Halifax, NS
3. Marcia J. Cedilla, b. 1917 Barcelona, Spain
4. Julius L. Bumptious, b. 1880 Warwick, England, d. 1956 Montréal, Québec
5. Gertrude Schmidt, b. 1884 Baden, Germany, d. 1951 Montréal, Québec
6. Antonio L. Cedilla y Soler, b. 1890 Barcelona, Spain, d. 1936 New York City
7. Maria M. Jiminez y Peralta, b. 1891 Valencia, Spain, d. 1982 Montréal, Québec
8. Bertram K. Bumptious, b. 1838, d. 1900 (all these with place of birth and death)
9. Vera Cheltenham, b. 1850, d. 1913
10. Otto K. Schmidt, b. 1847, d. 1906
11. Elisabetha von Plotz, b. 1846, d. 1914
12. Juan Cedilla y Ampersand, b. 1863, d. 1923
13. Lucia Soler y Bocanegra, b. 1865, b. 1943
14. Pedro Jiminez y Burgos, b. 1862, d. 1938
15. Marcella Peralta y Santos, b. 1870, d. 1957
Links
National Archives of Canada / Genealogy Research
Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Canadian Genealogy Centre at the National Archives of Canada & National Library of Canada.
Find names from the 1901 & 1906 Censuses.
Find a huge list of categorized genealogy links
Alantic Canada Genealogical Adresses
Genealogical Institute of the Maritimes, Box 3142, Halifax South Postal Station, NS, B3J 3H5
Canadian Centre of Home Children, Box 2601, Charlottetown, PE , C1A 8C3.
Centre d'Études acadiennes, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9.
Nova Scotia Genealogical Adresses
Genealogical Association of Nova Scotia, Box 641, Central, Halifax, NS, B3J 2T3.
Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management, 6016 University Ave., Halifax, NS, B3H 1W4
Vital Statistics, 1690 Hollis Street, Halifax, NS, B3J 3J9.
New Brunswick Genealogical Adresses
New Brunswick Genealogical Society, Box 3235, Station 'B', Fredericton, NB, E3A 5G9.
Provincial Archives of New Brunswick, Box 6000, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5H1
Vital Statistics Office, Dept. of Health, Box 6000, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5H1. (records from 1888)
Prince Edward Island Genealogical Adresses
Public Archives and Records Office, Box 1000, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 7M4. (records from 1906)
Prince Edward Island Genealogical Society, Box 2744, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 8C4
Vital Statistics Division, 35 Douses Rd., Montague, PE, C0A 1R0.
Newfoundland And Labrador Genealogical Adresses
Newfoundland and Labrador Genealogical Society, Colonial Bldg., Military Rd., St. John's, NL, A1C 2C7.
E. R. Seary. Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland. McGill-Queen's University Press, Montréal & Kingston, 1998.
Genealogical Information From England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales
UK & Ireland Genealogy
Genealogical information from the Republic of Ireland
Irish Family History Society, Box 36, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
National Archives of Ireland, Bishop Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
National Library of Ireland , 2 Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
The Genealogical Office, 2 Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
The General Register Office, Joyce House, 8-11 Lombard Street E. Dublin 2, Ireland (holds birth, marriage, and death records from 1864 on)
For transcriptions of names & dates from primary sources in the counties of Ireland :
Registry of Deeds, King's Inn, Henrietta Street, Dublin 1, Ireland (has the record of land transactions since 1708)
Irish Genealogical Research Society, 86 Eaton Square, London, SW1W1 9AJ, England
Irish Family History Society, Box 36, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
Genealogical information from Northern Ireland
Ulster Historical & Genealogical Guild, 12 College Square East, Belfast BT1 6DD
North of Ireland Family History Society, c/o School of Education, Queen's University, 69 University Street, Belfast BT7 1HL, Northern Ireland
General Register Office, Oxford House, 49-55 Chichester Street, Belfast BT1 4HL, Northern Ireland (holds birth, marriage, and death records from 1864 on)
Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, 66 Balmoral Avenue, Belfast BT9 6NY, Northern Ireland
The Maple Leaf Legacy Project
In Remembrance of Canada's War Dead.
The aim of the Maple Leaf Legacy Project is to photograph or obtain a photograph of every Canadian War Grave of the 20th Century. These photos will be made freely available on the project's web site.
Genealogical Information On Immigrant Ships
The Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild is a group of volunteers providing free access to nearly 7000 shipping manifests
Books
David Dobson:
Ships From Scotland to America: 1628-1828
Ships From Ireland to America: 1623-1850
Peter Wilson Coldham:
American Migrations: 1765-1799 (includes Loyalist migration)
Archival Data At Memorial University
Maritime History Archive, Henrietta Harvey Building, Memorial Unive.John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7 (709)737-8428 mhg@kean.vcs.mun.ca (fees on request)
Dr Keith Matthews ca. 6000. Surnames in Nfld fishery & settlement: 1640-1840 "Crew Agreements & Official Log Books for British Vessels : 1863-1938" (filed by name of vessel, then by year)
"Certificates of Vessel Registry - Colonial Ports : 1820-1920"
Special Collections
Killam Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4H8 (902)494-6490
CBC does not endorse and is not responsible for the content of external sites. External links will open in a new window.
Genealogy
ENRICH YOUR GENEALOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
- Terry Punch -
Genealogy spills over in all sorts of directions. To show a few of those not quite peripheral interests, here are four recent publications/CDs which could help you to learn more or to involve others in what you are doing.
1. Health Issues: Dr. F. Clarke Fraser is professor emeritus of McGill University in Montréal. His recent book, Know Your Family Tree; Your Genealogy Affects Your Health, distils in easily understood form the influence of our genetic inheritance upon many aspects of ourselves: health, appearance, inherited traits. It sells for $12.95 (US), and you can contact the publisher at www.iuniverse.com
2. British Isles: Bryan Sykes is professor human genetics at Oxford University. His previous general works include The Seven Daughters of Eve, concerning the mitochondrial genetic make up of Europe and the near East, and Adam's Curse, which deals with the Y-chromosome and where the human race may be heading. His new book, Saxons, Vikings, and Celts; the Genetic Roots of Britain and Ireland (W. W. Norton & Company), presents the eye-opening results of DNA surveys carried out across the British Isles. You may view the detailed results of this survey at www.bloodoftheisles.net
3. Placing the Ancestral Home: Britain's decennial census, that taken in 1881, provided the raw material for The British 19th Century Surname Atlas. You can find out the number and distribution of every surname in Scotland, England, Wales, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands, by county and often more locally than that. You can easily print off multicoloured distribution maps, with or without numerical key. Forenames can be tracked the same way. I am often asked where such-and-such a name comes from, and for the listed countries, here is the answer you may have been looking for. Find out details at www.archersoftware.co.uk
4. Recruiting Genealogists; Infect your younger relatives with the genealogy bug and get a copy of Susan Provost Beller's roots for kids; A Genealogy Guide for Young People, 2nd edition, into their hands. Available from Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore www.genealogical.com
There are new publications coming out all the time. Anyone who is sincerely involved in genealogy or local history can enhance his or her knowledge and affirm that their quest is worthwhile by owning or at least reading the emerging literature. Knowing what you are doing is always better if you understand how it fits into a broader picture. These publication and others like them help us to make the connections we seek, sometimes in directions we hadn't thought to explore.
*<>*<*>*<*>*<*>*
For information on miners who died on the job in Nova Scotia
A page dedicated to Atlantic Canadian fishermen and mariners lost at sea, and to their families and survivors
SCOTLAND: GENEALOGICAL ADDRESSES
<> T.M. Punch, FRSAI
(List updated 24 July 2006)
General Register Office, New Register House, 3 West Register St., Edinburgh Scotland EH1 3YT
[They hold vital records for Scotland from 1855 on.]
National Library of Scotland, George IV Bridge, Edinburgh, Scotland EH1 1EW.
Scots Ancestry Research Society, 8 York Rd., Edinburgh, Scotland EH5 3EH.
Scottish Genealogy Society, 15 Victoria Terrace, Edinburgh, Scotland EH1 2JL.
Scottish Association of Family History Societies, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 2HN,
Attn: Mr. Alan J.L. Macleod, Hon. Secretary
BOOKS ABOUT SCOTTISH MATTERS
- Dr. Terrence M. Punch, FRSAI -
SURNAMES
Black, George Fraser. The Surnames of Scotland, Their Origins, Meaning and History.
New York: New York Public Library, 1946, 1962.
Dorward, David. Scottish Surnames. Glasgow: Harper Collins Publishers, 1995.
Scots Kith and Kin, 2nd. ed. Edinburgh: Clan House, n.d.
The Scottish Tartans, 2nd. ed. Edinburgh: W. & A.K. Johnston & G.W. Bacon Ltd., 1945.
Whyte, Donald. Scottish Surnames, 2nd. ed. Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, 2000.
GENEALOGY GUIDES
Cory, Kathleen B. Tracing Your Scottish Ancestry, 3rd. ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 2004.
Goldie, Douglas Bruce. In Search of Hamish McBagpipes; A concise guide to Scottish Genealogy. Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, Inc., 1992.
James, Alwyn. Scottish Roots; A step-by-step guide for Ancestor-hunters in Scotland and overseas. Loanhead, Scotland: Macdonald Publishers, 1981.
Moody, David. Scottish Family History. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1988.
EMIGRATION
Bumsted, J. M. The People's Clearance 1770 - 1815. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 1982.
Campey, Lucille H. After the Hector; The Scottish Pioneers of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton 1773 - 1852. Toronto: Natural Heritage Books, 2004.
Dobson, David. Ships from Scotland to America 1628 - 1828, 3 volumes. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1998, 2002, 2004
Whyte, Donald. A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to Canada before Confederation, 3 volumes. Toronto: The Ontario Genealogical Society, 1986, 1995, 2002.
GENEALOGY & COPYRIGHT <> Terry Punch
With the use of the Internet by genealogists, issues of copyright and citing of sources arise. Much on-line data is not sourced, meaning that whoever posted it does not know where the data came from, or they have neglected to supply this information. It may be the work of someone not credited by the person putting it on-line, and could infringe someone's copyright or intellectual property rights.
Copyright - a legal device that provides the creator of a work of art or literature, or a work that conveys information or ideas, the right to control how the work is used (Stephen Fishman, The Copyright Handbook: How to protect & Use Written Works, 8th ed., Berkeley, CA: Nolo Press, 2005).
Fair Dealing (Canada) /Fair Use (US) - the privilege of quoting or using partof a copyrighted work without the author's permission. Some portion of such work may be quoted in a review or criticism provided that the author/performer/maker/broadcaster, plus the title of the work are mentioned (Rev. Statutes 1997, c. 24, s. 18).
Public Domain - Anything not protected by copyright and free for anyone to use. In US, anything pub-lished prior to 1923, or before 1963 if no proper notice of copyright attached. In Canada, copyright is for the life of the author, plus fifty years (Rev. Statutes 1993, c. 44, s. 58), so the writings of an author who died before 1955 may be in the public domain.
Electronic Rights - These afford copyright protection for Internet, e-books, e-newsletters, websites, CD-ROMs, DVDs, archival databases and interactive software.
For Canadian copyright information-laws.justice.gc.ca/en/C-42
For US information visit -templetons.com/brad/copymyths.html.
You become the copyright holder as soon as you put a family history, client report, article or notes for a lecture in a fixed or tangible form, whether paper, website, CD, DVD, AV tape, etc. Your material (book, map, diary, newspaper, manuscript, letter, e-mail, computer program, electronic database) is protected. Not protected are ideas, facts and research data as such (only the form you put them - their creative expression, including a website - is covered), names, slogans, titles (unless trademarked), and anything in the public domain. You should assume that information you find on the Internet is protected by copyright. To get permission to use copyrighted material, contact publishers of books, authors of self-published books, editors of journals. For Internet material, look for a link that says "Contact us", or seek a link for the owner or webmaster.
I have relied on three published items for much of this information:
* Sharon DeBartolo Cormack, Cormack's Guide to Copyright & Contracts (Baltimore, 2005). See in particular chapters 1 (Copyright Basics) and 2 (Fair Use, the Public Domain, and Seeking Permission).
* Elizabeth Shown Mills, ed., Professional Genealogy; A Manual for Researchers, Writers, Editors, Lecturers and Librarians (Baltimore, 2001). Two articles of relevance here are Val D. Greenwood, "Copyright and Fair Use" (pp. 123-138), and Neil D. Thompson, "Ethical Standards" (pp. 85-100).
* Elizabeth Shown Mills, Citing Online Historical Resources; Evidence! Style (Baltimore, 2005). This is a laminated "quick sheet'' which gives the basic principles, templates and models for common record types.
You may learn how to obtain any of these sources at genealogical.com
REMEMBER 4 THINGS:
1. Ask permission to use the work of others
2. Cite your sources in your work
3. Don't accept as fact unsourced on-line data from others
4. Copyright law in the US and Canada has the same intent, but differs on the particulars.
ANTECEDENTS OF SANTA CLAUS
We all know the jolly fat man in the red suit, trimmed in white fur. He shakes when he laughs, "like a bowl full of jelly". He managed with eight tiny reindeer, ever since Clement Moore's 'Twas the Night Before Christmas said so, in 1822. Modern smog conditions led Santa to add a ninth reindeer to his team. Toys, games and sports equipment form the bulk of Santa's cargo nowadays, an expensive replacement for the fruit and candy which excited kids in earlier times.
Depending on the country's language and traditions, Santa travels alone or with assorted companions, some nice, some not. Black Peter (zwarte Piet) in the Netherlands, Knecht Rupprecht in the Black Forest, père Fouettard in Alsace-Lorraine, Julebuck in Scandinavia, or Krampus in Hungary nasty prying, tormenting little characters on the lookout for kids who haven't been good. The Swiss like to announce Santa's arrival with Schnutzlis, or trumpeters. Santa-shaped brioches known as mannala or speculatius/speculaas cookies are made.
But Santa, our lord bountiful, did not spring into existence one day at a sales meeting. Like all of us, he has a past. Our words 'Santa Claus' are from the Dutch Sinter Klaas, or, if you'd rather, from the German Sankt Klaus. Either way, he is Saint Nicholas, and is he patron of a crowd. I find him mentioned in that role for children, mariners, judges, bankers, scholars, orphans, labourers, travellers, merchants, paupers, young single women, students, captives, perfumiers, and for those wrongfully convicted. It would take an hour to recount the various myths and folk tales which support each of these attributions. As well, Greece, Russia, Galway, Liège, Freiburg, among other places, claim him as their protector.
But, who was Nicholas to begin with? He was born at Parara in Lycia which is a district of modern Turkey on the Gulf of Antalya, facing Cyprus in the Mediterranean, and ended up as bishop of Myra, the modern Demre, not far from his birthplace. He died on 6 December, his feast day, in either 345 or 352 A.D. He acquired a reputation for practical kindness. Whether he dowered three poor maidens or not, the story typifies popular opinion of the man. Certainly in Germanic Europe, Romania and several Slavic countries, the 6th of December is the day the children put out footwear in hopes of receiving treats from the loving saint. Seven centuries after Nicholas died, Italian merchants took his remains from Myra to Bari on the Adriatic where, each May, a parade of boats follows the saint's relics out of the harbour and invokes his blessing on the vessels and all who sail in them.
Some Irish tell a different story. Near the site of Jerpoint Abbey in County Kilkenny there is a grave slab showing St. Nicholas and the heads of the two Norman Irish Crusaders who were alleged to have brought his remains back to Ireland with them. Bill Watkins even wrote a verse about it.
Here's one stanza:
Devout wayfarer, cease your search
For in Kilkenny's ancient church
St. Nicholas' sepulchre is found
Enshrined in Ireland's holy ground.
Santa is sometimes called Kris Kringle which derives from the German word Christkindl (Christ child). Dress Nicholas in furs and you get the German word Pelz-Nickel, which also gets mixed up with Kris Kringle. Some German-settled areas, such as Pennsylvania and Lunenburg had a Christmastime tradition of going from house to house and being treated. It was called Belsnickling. One little German verse runs,
Niklaus, Niklaus, huckepack,
Schenk uns was aus deinem Sack.
Schütte deine Scahen aus.
Gute Kinder sind im Haus.
The gist of this is that Nicholas should empty out his sack because we're good children in this house.
Want to learn more about St. Nicholas, a.k.a. Santa Claus, a.k.a. "Nick the Greek" ? Try these sites:
www.stcharleschristmas.com
www.stnicholascenter.org
www.newadvent.org
ANCESTORS AT WAR
11 November Terry Punch
War is the ultimate evidence of humanity's inability to live with itself. Otherwise decent people are obliged to kill for a cause. Few, if any, of us have not some ancestors who were soldiers or sailors during a time of conflict.This is Remembrance Day and we remember our veterans and our war dead, but in 2005 these are the participants in World War Two and the Korean War. But genealogists find members of the armed forces further back in their family trees.
World War One (1914-1918); the South African, or Boer, War (1899-1902); the Crimean War (1853-1856); the War of 1812 (1812-1815); the Napoleonic Wars and the wars against the French Revolution (much of 1792-1815); the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783); the Seven Years' War (1756-1763); wars against France and/or Spain between 1600 and 1748; and these are just the conflicts that involved Canada or people who lived in what is now Canada. Americans share that history until 1783, after which a series of frontier wars, the Mexican-American War, the Civil War, the war in Tripoli, the Spanish-American War, etc., took place. The US Civil War involved thousands of young men from our region, mainly, but not entirely, fighting for the Union., or northern, side. Our people have worn the uniforms of France, Britain, Canada and the US.
Client Services and Communications Branch, National Archives of Canada, 395 Wellington Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N3, or at www.archives.ca holds military records from the Boer War up to the Korean War (1898-1953), and some earlier muster rolls and pay lists. For records after 1914, records are not open to public search. But if you are a veteran or are a proven descendant of a member of one of our armed forces, the NAC will answer many of your enquiries. Before 1898 (Army) a Canadian was more likely to have served as part of a militia unit, and to 1909 (Navy) in the Royal Navy. Militia records may be held either in Ottawa or -prior to 1867 - in the relevant province. In Nova Scotia, for instance, the Public Archives groups these records in RG 22.
Records of members of the British or Imperial services should be sought from the Public Records Office, Ruskin Avenue, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England, TW9 4DU or at www.open.gov.uk/pro/prohome Army records form series WO, those of the Royal Navy comprise series ADM
Websites
British Empire & Commonwealth Land Forces
Bob's P.R.O. searches
British military records
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission
Soldiers of the First World War (1914-1918)
Books
! Catholics of the Diocese of Antigonish, NS, And the War 1914-1919, with Nominal Enlistment Rolls by Parishes. Antigonish, 1919.
! Crocker, Robert D. They Were Here: The British Army On Our Island 1785-1853Sydney, 2000.
! Crowder, Norman K. British Army pensioners Abroad, 1772-1899. Baltimore, 1995.
! DeMarce,Virginia. German Military Settlers in Canada after the american revolution Arlington, VA., 1984.
! Fighting for Freedom: Honour Roll of Halifax. Halifax, 1919.
! Fowler, Simon. Army records for Family Historians. London, 1992.
! Fryer, Mary Beacock, and William A. Smy. Rolls of the Provincial (Loyalist) Corps, Canadian Command American Revolutionary Period. Toronto, 1981.
! Herber, Mark D. Ancestral Trails; the Complete Guide to British Genealogy and Family History. Baltimore, 1998, pp. 314-353.
! Hopkins, J. Castell, & Murat Halstead. South Africa and the Boer-British War. Toronto, 1900. [pp. 831-856 list the Canadian contingents.]
! Hunt, M. Stuart. Nova Scotia's Part in the Great War. Halifax, 1920.
! Johnson, Daniel F. The American Civil War: The Service Records of Atlantic Canadians With the State of Maine Volunteers. Saint John, 1995.
! Kitzmiller, John M. In Search of the "Forlorn Hope": A Comprehensive Guide to Locating British Regiments and Their Records. Salt Lake City, 1988.
! Merz, Johannes Helmut, and Terrence M. Punch. The Hessians of Nova Scotia. Hamilton, 1994, 1997.
! Quigley, John Gordon. A Century of Rifles 1860-1960: The Halifax Rifles (RCAC)(M) Halifax, 1960.
! Rodger, N.A.M. Naval Records for Genealogists. London, 1984.
! Reid, Judith Prowse. Genealogical Research in England's Public Record Office; A Guide for North Americans. Baltimore, 1996, pp. 65-73.
! Ruck, Calvin W. The Black Battalion 1916-1920: Canada's Best Kept Military Secret. Halifax, 1987.
! Thomas, Garth. Records of the Royal Marines. London, 1994.
! War Office Regular Army: Soldiers' Documents 1760-1913 (WO 97). London, 1983.
! Watt, Michael J. My Ancestor Was in the British Army: How Can I Find Out More About Him? London, 1992.
Articles
! Campbell, Joan P., "The Scottish Rifles." The Nova Scotia Genealogist, VII: 2 (1989). [Pages 68-69 list militiamen stationed in Halifax in 1859.]
! Punch, Terrence M. "Defending Halifax in 1793: Hants to the Rescue. The NSG, VII:3 (1989). [Pages 114-116 list the members of the Hants County militia companies.]
! ____. "Acadians of Clare, 1808." NSG, VI: 3 (1988) [Pages 20-21 list Clare militia.]
! ____. "Officers in the Nova Scotia Volunteers, 1783. Genealogical Newsletter of the Genealogical Association, 40 (1982), pages 71-72.
SUMMER READING FOR GENEALOGISTS
Genealogy may be no more than collecting names and dates and sticking them into the right slots in a computerized program to keep the record straight. Then again, it can be a sophisticated study of a family or a community in a wider context. To help you learn about the rich background, here are a dozen suggestions for reading that both delivers information and stretches the horizons.
SCIENCE MEETS THE FAMILY HISTORIAN:
1. Myra Vanderpool Gormley, "Family Diseases; Are You at Risk ?" Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1989. [Ever heard of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus? Huntingdon's chorea? Neimann-Pick Disease ? Fabry's disease? Sickle Cell anaemia? Not cheery reading, but it will interest those doing family medical histories to read these 166 pages.]
2. Emily Marlin, "Genograms : The New Tool for Exploring the Personality, Career, and Love Patterns You Inherit". Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1989. [152 pages of advice for tracking family health history].
3. Thomas H. Shawker, "Unlocking Your Genetic History". Nashville: Rutledge Hill Press, 2004. [A larger and newer look at your family's medical and genetic heritage, written by a medical doctor who even tells how to draw a medical pedigree using Microsoft Word XP.]
4. Bryan Sykes, "Adam's Curse: A Future Without Men". New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2004. [An Oxford University geneticist discusses the Y-chromosome and raises some interesting speculation about such things as whether one day there will no longer be males, whether there is a 'gay' chromosome, etc.
5. Bryan Sykes, "The Seven Daughters of Eve : the Science that Reveals our Genetic Ancestry". New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2001. [Mitochondrial DNA - a mother's gift to her children - is traced back by a geneticist to about 14 women, seven of them the Ur-mothers of the Caucasian peoples. A good read.]
ONE IN MANY, AND MANY IN ONE:
6. David Hackett Fischer, "Albion's Seed : Four British Folkways in America". New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. [Among the British settlers in colonial America were four quite distinct ways of doing/thinking/being. A reader will be fascinated by the wealth of detail in this book: Puritan Anglians to New England, gentry from south-western England to Virginia, the Friends from the Midlands to the Delaware Valley, and North British and Ulstermen to the back country. Some of each came to the Maritimes as Loyalists, joining New England Planters. A wonderfully interesting, large book.]
7. Alex Shoumatoff, "The Mountain of Names : A History of the Human Family" New York: Vintage Books, 1990. [This paperback shows how the human race forms a unity within its apparent diversity, just as the Fischer book demonstrates the variations within what seems to be a single origin. A beautiful tale.]
8. Robert M. Taylor, Jr., & Ralph S. Crandall, eds. "Generations and Change: Genealogical Perspectives in Social History". Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1986. [If you doubt genealogy's academic legitimacy, this book may change your mind with essays on inter-ethnic marriage and migration.]
9. Stuart A. Queen et al., eds. "The Family in Various Cultures", 5th ed. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1985. [The authors discuss the structure, cycle, controls and functions of families in different times and places, showing us that "the family" is not a static, but a dynamic, entity throughout history.]
IN PLACE AND GOING PLACES:
10. Ronald Fletcher, ed. "In a Country Churchyard". London: Paladin Grafton Books, 1980. [What could be more 'rooted'than being buried in a cemetery? This collection of stories about people buried in English graveyards bursts with human interest. Perhaps it will inspire some author to go to Maritimes burying spots and do likewise.]
11. Rowland Parker, "The Common Stream". London: Paladin Grafton Books, 1975. [A jewel of a book, it tells the story of a place with reference to a small stream. Roman times, the Middle Ages, the beginnings of industrialization, all are here, but there is an interplay between people and place that will keep you turning the pages. Also the author supplies all sorts of tidbits: wages in 1811, food and drink for harvesters (included 9 pints of strong beer), church court records from the 1600s, manorial transgressions of one man in the 1500s, those fined for acts such as fornication in the 1300s.]
12. Marianne S. Wokeck, "Trade in Strangers : The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America". University Park, PA The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. [A detailed, but very readable explanation of the development of the emigrant trade between the Old World and the New during the eighteenth century. Many NS references.]
Black History in the Maritimes: Some Reading Suggestions Terry Punch & David States for CBC Maritime Noon, 2005
Ball, Malcolm, Jr. Major Butler's Legacy: Five Generations of a Slaveholding Family. Athens and London, 1987.
Boyd, Frank Stanley, Jr., ed. McKerrow; A Brief History of Blacks in Nova Scotia (1783-1895). Halifax, 1976.
Bullard, Mary. Black Liberation on Cumberland Island in 1815. n.p., 1983.
Clairmont, Donald H., and Dennis W. Magill. Nova Scotia Blacks: An Historical and Structural Overview. Halifax, 1970.
Clairmont, Donald H., and Dennis William Magill. Africville: The Life and Death of a Canadian BlackCommunity. Toronto, 1974.
Erickson, Paul A., 'Saga of Africville,' Historic North end Halifax. Halifax, 2004, 127-144.
Fergusson, C. B. A Documentary Study of the Establishment of the Negroes in Nova Scotia between the War of 1812 and the Winning of Responsible Government. Halifax, 1948.
Fergusson, Charles Bruce, ed. Clarkson's Mission to America 1791-1792. Halifax, 1971.
Grant, John N. The Immigration & Settlement of the Black Refugees of the War of 1812 in Nova Scotia & New Brunswick. Hantsport, 1990.
Grant, John N. Black Nova Scotians. Halifax, 1980.
Henry, Frances. Forgotten Canadians: The Blacks of Nova Scotia. Don Mills, 1973. New York and London, 1996.
Hornby, Jim. Black Islanders. Charlottetown, 1991.
Pachai, Bridglal. Peoples of the Maritimes: Blacks. Tantallon, 1987.
Pulis, John W., ed. Moving On: Black Loyalists in the Afro-American World. New York and London, 1999.
Ruck, Calvin. Canada's Black Battalion: No. 2 Construction Battalion 1916-1920. Halifax, 1986.
Smith, T.Watson, 'The Slave in Canada,' Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, X (1899), 3-161.
Spray, W. A. The Blacks in New Brunswick. Fredericton, 1972.
Spray, William, 'The Settlement of the Black Refugees in New Brunswick, 1815-1836,' Acadiensis, VI (1977), 64-79.
Walker, James W. St. G. The Black Loyalists; The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone 1783-1870. New York, 1976.
Whitehead, Ruth Holmes. The Shelburne Black Loyalists: A Short Biography of All Blacks Emigrating to Shelburne County, Nova Scotia, after the American Revolution 1783. Halifax, 2000.
Wilson, Ellen Gibson. The Loyal Blacks. New York, 1976.
Winks, Robin W. The Blacks in Canada; A History. New Haven, 1971.
Withrow, Alfreda, 'Blacks,' Nova Scotia's Ethnic Roots. Halifax, 2002 , 97-107.
Making An Ahnentafel
We of German heritage are stereotyped as hyperefficient types, and sometimes we are. One of the more effective and easy-to-understand techniques of presenting lineage is the Ahnentafel, the ancestor table. It makes a good winter project to produce one of these listings.
All that you need to remember is that the number of ancestors you have doubles in each generation, even if some of the same individuals turn up more than once. The number of different ancestors may not double, but each person in your ancestry had two parents, so if anyone repeats, you slot them into the lineup in their proper order along with everyone else.
How to make an Ahnentafel
- You will be number one. So at the top of the page, on the left-hand side, write the figure "1". Beside the figure, write in your full name, with perhaps your date of birth.
- Skip a line, and on the next line write "2" on the left, and enter your father's full name, with birth and perhaps death date.
- On line "3", do the same for your mother.
- Skip a line after "3" and enter "4". Here write in your father's father, with dates,
- On line 5 do the same for your father's mother.
- On line 6 write in your mother's father, with dates,
- On line 7 enter the same for your mother's mother.
Once you have done this, you will start to notice two features which will help you to keep everything straight:
a) All the people with even numbers from "2" onwards will be male fore-bears, and those with odd numbers from "3" up will be female ancestors.
b) When you double any number, the person at the higher number is the father of the person at the number you doubled. Double a number and add one and you find that person's mother.
By skipping a line at the end of each generation (after lines 1,3,7,15, 31, 63, 127, 255,...), you can readily see how far back you are. Some folks draw a line after each generation for greater clarity.
Sample Ahnentafel
1, Marcus J. Bumptious, b. 1944 Halifax, NS
2. Augustus M. Bumptious, b. 1915 Halifax, NS, d. 2001 Halifax, NS
3. Marcia J. Cedilla, b. 1917 Barcelona, Spain
4. Julius L. Bumptious, b. 1880 Warwick, England, d. 1956 Montréal, Québec
5. Gertrude Schmidt, b. 1884 Baden, Germany, d. 1951 Montréal, Québec
6. Antonio L. Cedilla y Soler, b. 1890 Barcelona, Spain, d. 1936 New York City
7. Maria M. Jiminez y Peralta, b. 1891 Valencia, Spain, d. 1982 Montréal, Québec
8. Bertram K. Bumptious, b. 1838, d. 1900 (all these with place of birth and death)
9. Vera Cheltenham, b. 1850, d. 1913
10. Otto K. Schmidt, b. 1847, d. 1906
11. Elisabetha von Plotz, b. 1846, d. 1914
12. Juan Cedilla y Ampersand, b. 1863, d. 1923
13. Lucia Soler y Bocanegra, b. 1865, b. 1943
14. Pedro Jiminez y Burgos, b. 1862, d. 1938
15. Marcella Peralta y Santos, b. 1870, d. 1957
Links
National Archives of Canada / Genealogy Research
Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Canadian Genealogy Centre at the National Archives of Canada & National Library of Canada.
Find names from the 1901 & 1906 Censuses.
Find a huge list of categorized genealogy links
Alantic Canada Genealogical Adresses
Genealogical Institute of the Maritimes, Box 3142, Halifax South Postal Station, NS, B3J 3H5
Canadian Centre of Home Children, Box 2601, Charlottetown, PE , C1A 8C3.
Centre d'Études acadiennes, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9.
Nova Scotia Genealogical Adresses
Genealogical Association of Nova Scotia, Box 641, Central, Halifax, NS, B3J 2T3.
Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management, 6016 University Ave., Halifax, NS, B3H 1W4
Vital Statistics, 1690 Hollis Street, Halifax, NS, B3J 3J9.
New Brunswick Genealogical Adresses
New Brunswick Genealogical Society, Box 3235, Station 'B', Fredericton, NB, E3A 5G9.
Provincial Archives of New Brunswick, Box 6000, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5H1
Vital Statistics Office, Dept. of Health, Box 6000, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5H1. (records from 1888)
Prince Edward Island Genealogical Adresses
Public Archives and Records Office, Box 1000, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 7M4. (records from 1906)
Prince Edward Island Genealogical Society, Box 2744, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 8C4
Vital Statistics Division, 35 Douses Rd., Montague, PE, C0A 1R0.
Newfoundland And Labrador Genealogical Adresses
Newfoundland and Labrador Genealogical Society, Colonial Bldg., Military Rd., St. John's, NL, A1C 2C7.
E. R. Seary. Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland. McGill-Queen's University Press, Montréal & Kingston, 1998.
Genealogical Information From England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales
UK & Ireland Genealogy
Genealogical information from the Republic of Ireland
Irish Family History Society, Box 36, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
National Archives of Ireland, Bishop Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
National Library of Ireland , 2 Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
The Genealogical Office, 2 Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
The General Register Office, Joyce House, 8-11 Lombard Street E. Dublin 2, Ireland (holds birth, marriage, and death records from 1864 on)
For transcriptions of names & dates from primary sources in the counties of Ireland :
Registry of Deeds, King's Inn, Henrietta Street, Dublin 1, Ireland (has the record of land transactions since 1708)
Irish Genealogical Research Society, 86 Eaton Square, London, SW1W1 9AJ, England
Irish Family History Society, Box 36, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
Genealogical information from Northern Ireland
Ulster Historical & Genealogical Guild, 12 College Square East, Belfast BT1 6DD
North of Ireland Family History Society, c/o School of Education, Queen's University, 69 University Street, Belfast BT7 1HL, Northern Ireland
General Register Office, Oxford House, 49-55 Chichester Street, Belfast BT1 4HL, Northern Ireland (holds birth, marriage, and death records from 1864 on)
Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, 66 Balmoral Avenue, Belfast BT9 6NY, Northern Ireland
The Maple Leaf Legacy Project
In Remembrance of Canada's War Dead.
The aim of the Maple Leaf Legacy Project is to photograph or obtain a photograph of every Canadian War Grave of the 20th Century. These photos will be made freely available on the project's web site.
Genealogical Information On Immigrant Ships
The Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild is a group of volunteers providing free access to nearly 7000 shipping manifests
Books
David Dobson:
Ships From Scotland to America: 1628-1828
Ships From Ireland to America: 1623-1850
Peter Wilson Coldham:
American Migrations: 1765-1799 (includes Loyalist migration)
Archival Data At Memorial University
Maritime History Archive, Henrietta Harvey Building, Memorial Unive.John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7 (709)737-8428 mhg@kean.vcs.mun.ca (fees on request)
Dr Keith Matthews ca. 6000. Surnames in Nfld fishery & settlement: 1640-1840 "Crew Agreements & Official Log Books for British Vessels : 1863-1938" (filed by name of vessel, then by year)
"Certificates of Vessel Registry - Colonial Ports : 1820-1920"
Special Collections
Killam Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4H8 (902)494-6490
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