Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (S.C. 2001, c. 27)

Marginal note:Temporary resident

47 A foreign national loses temporary resident status

• (a) at the end of the period for which they are authorized to remain in Canada;

• (b) on a determination by an officer or the Immigration Division that they have failed to comply with any other requirement of this Act; or

• (c) on cancellation of their temporary resident permit.

Enforcement of Removal Orders

Marginal note:Enforceable removal order

• 48 (1) A removal order is enforceable if it has come into force and is not stayed.

• Marginal note:Effect

  (2) If a removal order is enforceable, the foreign national against whom it was made must leave Canada immediately and the order must be enforced as soon as possible.

Marginal note:In force

• 49 (1) A removal order comes into force on the latest of the following dates:

  • (a) the day the removal order is made, if there is no right to appeal;

  • (b) the day the appeal period expires, if there is a right to appeal and no appeal is made; and

  • (c) the day of the final determination of the appeal, if an appeal is made.

• Marginal note:In force — claimants

  (2) Despite subsection (1), a removal order made with respect to a refugee protection claimant is conditional and comes into force on the latest of the following dates:

  • (a) the day the claim is determined to be ineligible only under paragraph 101(1)(e);

  • (b) in a case other than that set out in paragraph (a), seven days after the claim is determined to be ineligible;

  • (c) if the claim is rejected by the Refugee Protection Division, on the expiry of the time limit referred to in subsection 110(2.1) or, if an appeal is made, 15 days after notification by the Refugee Appeal Division that the claim is rejected;

  • (d) 15 days after notification that the claim is declared withdrawn or abandoned; and

  • (e) 15 days after proceedings are terminated as a result of notice under paragraph 104(1)(c) or (d).

Marginal note:Stay

50 A removal order is stayed

• (a) if a decision that was made in a judicial proceeding — at which the Minister shall be given the opportunity to make submissions — would be directly contravened by the enforcement of the removal order;

• (b) in the case of a foreign national sentenced to a term of imprisonment in Canada, until the sentence is completed;

• (c) for the duration of a stay imposed by the Immigration Appeal Division or any other court of competent jurisdiction;

• (d) for the duration of a stay under paragraph 114(1)(b); and

• (e) for the duration of a stay imposed by the Minister.

Marginal note:Void — permanent residence

51 A removal order that has not been enforced becomes void if the foreign national becomes a permanent resident.

Marginal note:No return without prescribed authorization

• 52 (1) If a removal order has been enforced, the foreign national shall not return to Canada, unless authorized by an officer or in other prescribed circumstances.

• Marginal note:Return to Canada

  (2) If a removal order for which there is no right of appeal has been enforced and is subsequently set aside in a judicial review, the foreign national is entitled to return to Canada at the expense of the Minister.

Regulations

Marginal note:Regulations

53 The regulations may provide for any matter relating to the application of this Division, and may include provisions respecting

• (a) conditions that may or must be imposed, varied, or cancelled, individually or by class, on permanent residents and foreign nationals;

• (a.1) the form and manner in which an application to renounce permanent resident status must be made and the conditions that must be met before such an application may be approved;

• (b) the circumstances in which a removal order shall be made or confirmed against a permanent resident or a foreign national;

• (c) the circumstances in which status may be restored;

• (d) the circumstances in which a removal order may be stayed, including a stay imposed by the Minister and a stay that is not expressly provided for by this Act;

• (e) the effect and enforcement of removal orders, including the consideration of factors in the determination of when enforcement is possible;

• (f) the effect of a record suspension under the Criminal Records Act on the status of permanent residents and foreign nationals and removal orders made against them; and

• (g) the financial obligations that may be imposed with respect to a removal order.

DIVISION 6Detention and Release

Marginal note:Immigration Division

54 The Immigration Division is the competent Division of the Board with respect to the review of reasons for detention under this Division.

Marginal note:Arrest and detention with warrant

• 55 (1) An officer may issue a warrant for the arrest and detention of a permanent resident or a foreign national who the officer has reasonable grounds to believe is inadmissible and is a danger to the public or is unlikely to appear for examination, for an admissibility hearing, for removal from Canada or at a proceeding that could lead to the making of a removal order by the Minister under subsection 44(2).

• Marginal note:Arrest and detention without warrant

  (2) An officer may, without a warrant, arrest and detain a foreign national, other than a protected person,

  • (a) who the officer has reasonable grounds to believe is inadmissible and is a danger to the public or is unlikely to appear for examination, an admissibility hearing, removal from Canada, or at a proceeding that could lead to the making of a removal order by the Minister under subsection 44(2); or

  • (b) if the officer is not satisfied of the identity of the foreign national in the course of any procedure under this Act.

• Marginal note:Detention on entry

  (3) A permanent resident or a foreign national may, on entry into Canada, be detained if an officer

  • (a) considers it necessary to do so in order for the examination to be completed; or

  • (b) has reasonable grounds to suspect that the permanent resident or the foreign national is inadmissible on grounds of security, violating human or international rights, serious criminality, criminality or organized criminality.

• Marginal note:Mandatory arrest and detention — designated foreign national

  (3.1) If a designation is made under subsection 20.1(1), an officer must

  • (a) detain, on their entry into Canada, a foreign national who, as a result of the designation, is a designated foreign national and who is 16 years of age or older on the day of the arrival that is the subject of the designation; or

  • (b) arrest and detain without a warrant — or issue a warrant for the arrest and detention of — a foreign national who, after their entry into Canada, becomes a designated foreign national as a result of the designation and who was 16 years of age or older on the day of the arrival that is the subject of the designation.

• Marginal note:Notice

  (4) If a permanent resident or a foreign national is taken into detention, an officer shall without delay give notice to the Immigration Division.

Marginal note:Release — officer

• 56 (1) An officer may order the release from detention of a permanent resident or a foreign national before the first detention review by the Immigration Division if the officer is of the opinion that the reasons for the detention no longer exist. The officer may impose any conditions, including the payment of a deposit or the posting of a guarantee for compliance with the conditions, that the officer considers necessary.

• Marginal note:Period of detention — designated foreign national

  (2) Despite subsection (1), a designated foreign national who is detained under this Division and who was 16 years of age or older on the day of the arrival that is the subject of the designation in question must be detained until

  • (a) a final determination is made to allow their claim for refugee protection or application for protection;

  • (b) they are released as a result of the Immigration Division ordering their release under section 58; or

  • (c) they are released as a result of the Minister ordering their release under section 58.1.

• Marginal note:Conditions — inadmissibility on grounds of security

  (3) If an officer orders the release of a permanent resident or foreign national who is the subject of either a report on inadmissibility on grounds of security that is referred to the Immigration Division or a removal order for inadmissibility on grounds of security, the officer must also impose the prescribed conditions on the person.

• Marginal note:Duration of conditions

  (4) The prescribed conditions imposed under subsection (3) cease to apply only when one of the events described in paragraphs 44(5)(a) to (e) occurs.

Marginal note:Review of detention

• 57 (1) Within 48 hours after a permanent resident or a foreign national is taken into detention, or without delay afterward, the Immigration Division must review the reasons for the continued detention.

• Marginal note:Further review

  (2) At least once during the seven days following the review under subsection (1), and at least once during each 30-day period following each previous review, the Immigration Division must review the reasons for the continued detention.

• Marginal note:Presence

  (3) In a review under subsection (1) or (2), an officer shall bring the permanent resident or the foreign national before the Immigration Division or to a place specified by it.

Marginal note:Initial review — designated foreign national

• 57.1 (1) Despite subsections 57(1) and (2), in the case of a designated foreign national who was 16 years of age or older on the day of the arrival that is the subject of the designation in question, the Immigration Division must review the reasons for their continued detention within 14 days after the day on which that person is taken into detention, or without delay afterward.

• Marginal note:Further review — designated foreign national

  (2) Despite subsection 57(2), in the case of the designated foreign national referred to in subsection (1), the Immigration Division must review again the reasons for their continued detention on the expiry of six months following the conclusion of the previous review and may not do so before the expiry of that period.

• Marginal note:Presence

  (3) In a review under subsection (1) or (2), the officer must bring the designated foreign national before the Immigration Division or to a place specified by it.

Marginal note:Release — Immigration Division

• 58 (1) The Immigration Division shall order the release of a permanent resident or a foreign national unless it is satisfied, taking into account prescribed factors, that

  • (a) they are a danger to the public;

  • (b) they are unlikely to appear for examination, an admissibility hearing, removal from Canada, or at a proceeding that could lead to the making of a removal order by the Minister under subsection 44(2);

  • (c) the Minister is taking necessary steps to inquire into a reasonable suspicion that they are inadmissible on grounds of security, violating human or international rights, serious criminality, criminality or organized criminality;

  • (d) the Minister is of the opinion that the identity of the foreign national — other than a designated foreign national who was 16 years of age or older on the day of the arrival that is the subject of the designation in question — has not been, but may be, established and they have not reasonably cooperated with the Minister by providing relevant information for the purpose of establishing their identity or the Minister is making reasonable efforts to establish their identity; or

  • (e) the Minister is of the opinion that the identity of the foreign national who is a designated foreign national and who was 16 years of age or older on the day of the arrival that is the subject of the designation in question has not been established.

• Marginal note:Continued detention — designated foreign national

  (1.1) Despite subsection (1), on the conclusion of a review under subsection 57.1(1), the Immigration Division shall order the continued detention of the designated foreign national if it is satisfied that any of the grounds described in paragraphs (1)(a) to (c) and (e) exist, and it may not consider any other factors.

• Marginal note:Detention — Immigration Division

  (2) The Immigration Division may order the detention of a permanent resident or a foreign national if it is satisfied that the permanent resident or the foreign national is the subject of an examination or an admissibility hearing or is subject to a removal order and that the permanent resident or the foreign national is a danger to the public or is unlikely to appear for examination, an admissibility hearing or removal from Canada.

• Marginal note:Conditions

  (3) If the Immigration Division orders the release of a permanent resident or a foreign national, it may impose any conditions that it considers necessary, including the payment of a deposit or the posting of a guarantee for compliance with the conditions.

• Marginal note:Conditions — designated foreign national

  (4) If the Immigration Division orders the release of a designated foreign national who was 16 years of age or older on the day of the arrival that is the subject of the designation in question, it shall also impose any condition that is prescribed.

• Marginal note:Conditions — inadmissibility on grounds of security

  (5) If the Immigration Division orders the release of a permanent resident or foreign national who is the subject of either a report on inadmissibility on grounds of security that is referred to the Immigration Division or a removal order for inadmissibility on grounds of security, it shall also impose the prescribed conditions on the person.

• Marginal note:Duration of conditions

  (6) The prescribed conditions imposed under subsection (5) cease to apply only when one of the events described in paragraphs 44(5)(a) to (e) occurs.

Marginal note:Release — on request

• 58.1 (1) The Minister may, on request of a designated foreign national who was 16 years of age or older on the day of the arrival that is the subject of the designation in question, order their release from detention if, in the Minister’s opinion, exceptional circumstances exist that warrant the release.

• Marginal note:Release — Minister’s own initiative

  (2) The Minister may, on the Minister’s own initiative, order the release of a designated foreign national who was 16 years of age or older on the day of the arrival that is the subject of the designation in question if, in the Minister’s opinion, the reasons for the detention no longer exist.

• Marginal note:Conditions

  (3) If the Minister orders the release of a designated foreign national, the Minister may impose any conditions, including the payment of a deposit or the posting of a guarantee for compliance with the conditions, that he or she considers necessary.

• Marginal note:Conditions — inadmissibility on grounds of security

  (4) If the Minister orders the release of a designated foreign national who is the subject of either a report on inadmissibility on grounds of security that is referred to the Immigration Division or a removal order for inadmissibility on grounds of security, the Minister must also impose the prescribed conditions on the person.

• Marginal note:Duration of conditions

  (5) The prescribed conditions imposed under subsection (4) cease to apply only when one of the events described in paragraphs 44(5)(a) to (e) occurs.