This small esker (1) north of the Oak Ridges Moraine is within a broad, poorly-defined tunnel channel (2) with drumlinized uplands to the east and west (3). The ridges are generally narrow, may be sharp or flat topped, and can extend for 10 - 100 km. They are composed of sand and gravel deposits. Eskers are formed by meltwater flowing along an ice-supported channel or tunnel.

Further Reading

Banerjee, I. and McDonald, B.C., 1975: Nature of esker sedimentation; in Jopling, A.V. and McDonald, B.C. (Eds.), Glaciofluvial and Glaciolacustrine Sedimentation, Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral., Spec. Publ., 23, 304-320.

Brennand, T.A. and Shaw, J. 1994: Tunnel channels an associated landforms, south-central Ontario: their implications for ice-sheet hydrology; Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 31, 505-522.

Gorrell, G. and Shaw, J. 1991: Deposition in an esker, bead and fan complex: Sedimentary Geology, 72, 285-314.