Glacial flow indicators include striations, grooves, rat tails, crescentic gouges and fractures, chattermarks, roches moutonnées, bedrock steps and crag-and-tails. These features are thought to have been formed by the scouring action of sliding basal ice. They primarily reflect late glacial ice flow patterns, although as shown in the next section, cross-cutting relations among these features indicate that older features can be preserved.

Glacial Flow Indicator	Photo Description
Northward flow over Yathkyed Lake greenstone belt larger image [JPEG, 83.8 kb, 615 X 402, notice]	Approximately 15 km NW of Imikula Lake in the Ferguson Lake map area, north-south trending delicate striae are preserved on the lee-side (SE) of a NE-SW trending ridge of mafic volcanic rocks. The northward sense of movement is derived from mini whaleback forms consisting of rounded and striated bedrock at the upflow end and a gentle, striated slope at the downflow end.
Glacial striations and grooves in Rankin Inlet larger image [JPEG, 85.2 kb, 592 X 377, notice]	Fine striations occur in linear depressions enhanced by differential glacial erosion of quartz veins and softer mafic volcanic rocks of the Rankin Inlet greenstone belt. The site is exposed at low tide on a small island in Rankin Inlet.
Rat tail in Rankin Inlet greenstone belt rocks larger image [JPEG, 62.1 kb, 333 X 502, notice]	A rat tail or mini crag-and-tail feature is a streamlined ridge consisting of a "crag" of hard rock (here a felsic volcanic pillow) at the stoss end and a lower, elongated, gentle slope, forming a "tail" on the downflow end of the softer rock (here mafic volcanic rock). This rat tail indicates ice flow towards the SE, along the Hudson Bay coast in the Rankin Inlet area.
Crescentic gouges larger image [JPEG, 50.3 kb, 321 X 490, notice]	Crescentic gouges are fracture cracks resulting from the removal of rock flakes by subglacial quarrying. Their "horns" point up-ice. The fracture plane dips down-ice and terminates with a steep or near vertical face.
Roches moutonnées along Hudson Bay coast near Whale Cove larger image [JPEG, 46.5 kb, 632 X 399, notice]	Elongated bedrock outcrops striated and polished on the stoss side and fractured, quarried, or plucked on the lee side are commonly observed in the Kivalliq Region. These features parallel the dominant and generally most recent ice flow event towards the SE.
Bedrock steps in granites larger image [JPEG, 71.4 kb, 592 X 377, notice]	Quarrying and plucking encouraged by the presence of up-ice dipping joints in granite between Chesterfield Inlet and Gibson Lake, results in the formation of extensive areas of bedrock steps. The photo was taken from a helicopter and the scale is estimated.
Crag-and-tail landform in Princess Mary Lake larger image [JPEG, 25.8 kb, 590 X 385, notice]	Crag-and-tail landforms consist of an elongate ridge composed of a bedrock knob (crag) with a tail of sediment (generally till) extending in the downflow direction. In Princess Mary Lake, this feature indicates a NNW ward ice flow direction, that is parallel to striations preserved on the down-ice side of dominant WSW-ward striations and streamlined landforms. This complex ice flow record is preserved in the area of the Keewatin Ice Divide.